9.4 Cardiovascular Diseases and ECG ........................................ 182

9.4.1 Atrial Fibrillation ..................................................... 182

9.4.2 Ventricular Arrhythmias .......................................... 183

9.4.3 Ventricular Tachycardia ........................................... 184

9.4.4 Ventricular Fibrillation ............................................. 184

9.4.5 Myocardial Infarction .............................................. 184

9.4.6 Atrial Flutter ............................................................. 185

9.4.7 Cardiac Reentry ....................................................... 185

9.4.8 Atrioventricular Block .............................................. 186

9.4.8.1 Main Types of AV Block .......................... 186

9.4.9 Wolf–Parkinson–White Syndrome .......................... 188

9.4.10 Extrasystole .............................................................. 189

9.5 Processing and Feature Extraction of ECG ........................... 190

9.5.1 Time-Domain Analysis ............................................ 191

9.5.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis .................................... 191

9.5.3 Wavelet-Domain Analysis ........................................ 193

9.6 Summary ...............................................................................193

Problems........................................................................................... 194

Chapter 10 Electroencephalogram ...................................................................... 197

10.1 Introduction and Overview.................................................... 197

10.2 Brain and Its Functions.......................................................... 197

10.3 Electroencephalogram: Signal of the Brain .......................... 199

10.3.1 EEG Frequency Spectrum........................................ 201

10.3.2 Significance of EEG .................................................202

10.4 Evoked Potentials .................................................................. 203

10.4.1 Auditory-Evoked Potentials ..................................... 203

10.4.2 Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials ...........................204

10.4.3 Visual-Evoked Potentials .........................................204

10.4.4 Event-Related Potentials ........................................... 205

10.5 Diseases of Central Nervous System and EEG .....................206

10.5.1 Epilepsy ....................................................................206

10.5.2 Sleep Disorders.........................................................208

10.5.3 Brain Tumor .............................................................209

10.5.4 Other Diseases ..........................................................209

10.6 EEG for Assessment of Anesthesia .......................................209

10.7 Processing and Feature Extraction of EEG ........................... 210

10.7.1 Sources of Noise on EEG ......................................... 210

10.7.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis .................................... 211

10.7.3 Time-Domain Analysis ............................................ 212

10.7.3.1 Coherence Analysis .................................. 213

10.7.4 Wavelet-Domain Analysis ........................................ 214

10.8 Summary ............................................................................... 214

Problems........................................................................................... 215

xi
Contents