nitrogen can be extracted from the environment then inputs from feed thus having a
net ecosystem benefit (Chambers 2013). Per these results, UNH was funded to
design, construct and evaluate a robust, open ocean raft that is currently in the field.
This information has aided regulatory agencies in their decision making for
permitting aquaculture. In addition, IMTA has created new sources of sustainable,
local seafood and employment, helping fishermen diversify into seafood production
while continuing to fish.
2.6.10 The Republic of Korea
Following the South-west offshore wind farm development plan, the construction of
the first large scale offshore wind farm in the Republic of Korea in combination
with seaweeds and bivalves started in 2016 (Figs. 2.13a–d and 2.14a–b). The
co-location concept was suggested to the local communities in 2013 and was
recently accepted. The major issue of co-using was the local acceptance by
stakeholders, such as fisheries, local officials and the fisheries cooperative union.
The multi-use concept was inspired by the shellfish and seaweed cultivation trials in
Germany (North Sea) and Wales (North Hoyle and Gwynt y Môr). The objective of
this project is, on one hand, the development of technology for co-locating fisheries
and aquaculture with offshore wind farm, and, on the other hand, the multi-use
concept which should improve the social acceptance of offshore wind farms. The
first trials include IMTA systems that combine fish, sea cucumber, oysters and
seaweeds (KEPCO and KIOST 2016).
Provincial governments have been developing offshore seaweed cultivation
technologies. The target species for these offshore systems included, besides
Porphyra, the species Saccharina and Undaria. The Aquatic Biomass Research
Center (ABRC) carried out an offshore seaweed aquaculture project to produce
seaweed biomass for biofuels (Chung et al. 2015). The objectives of this study were
(1) to select appropriate seaweed species and to develop seed planting techniques
for high density mass production, (2) to develop a Tension-Leg Platform
(TLP) type seaweed cultivation system, and (3) to develop automatic out planting
and harvesting systems. The TLP system provides a stable platform for seaweed
cultivation even in the offshore environment. During phase I (2010–2013), a brown
seaweed, Saccharina japonica, was successfully cultured on the TLP system near
Geumil-do Island, Wando, Jeollanamdo. This TLP system is now installed near
Cheongsan Island, between Wando and Jeju Island, growing several species,
including Saccharina japonica, Ecklonia cava, E. stolonifera, Sargassum horneri,
Myagropsis myagroides, and some others. The cost for a TLP system is estimated at
$500,000 for a 1 ha seaweed farm. Although this study showed potential to grow
seaweeds in the offshore environment using the TLP system, limiting high production costs are the most challenging part.
2 Offshore and Multi-Use Aquaculture with Extractive Species…
51
net ecosystem benefit (Chambers 2013). Per these results, UNH was funded to
design, construct and evaluate a robust, open ocean raft that is currently in the field.
This information has aided regulatory agencies in their decision making for
permitting aquaculture. In addition, IMTA has created new sources of sustainable,
local seafood and employment, helping fishermen diversify into seafood production
while continuing to fish.
2.6.10 The Republic of Korea
Following the South-west offshore wind farm development plan, the construction of
the first large scale offshore wind farm in the Republic of Korea in combination
with seaweeds and bivalves started in 2016 (Figs. 2.13a–d and 2.14a–b). The
co-location concept was suggested to the local communities in 2013 and was
recently accepted. The major issue of co-using was the local acceptance by
stakeholders, such as fisheries, local officials and the fisheries cooperative union.
The multi-use concept was inspired by the shellfish and seaweed cultivation trials in
Germany (North Sea) and Wales (North Hoyle and Gwynt y Môr). The objective of
this project is, on one hand, the development of technology for co-locating fisheries
and aquaculture with offshore wind farm, and, on the other hand, the multi-use
concept which should improve the social acceptance of offshore wind farms. The
first trials include IMTA systems that combine fish, sea cucumber, oysters and
seaweeds (KEPCO and KIOST 2016).
Provincial governments have been developing offshore seaweed cultivation
technologies. The target species for these offshore systems included, besides
Porphyra, the species Saccharina and Undaria. The Aquatic Biomass Research
Center (ABRC) carried out an offshore seaweed aquaculture project to produce
seaweed biomass for biofuels (Chung et al. 2015). The objectives of this study were
(1) to select appropriate seaweed species and to develop seed planting techniques
for high density mass production, (2) to develop a Tension-Leg Platform
(TLP) type seaweed cultivation system, and (3) to develop automatic out planting
and harvesting systems. The TLP system provides a stable platform for seaweed
cultivation even in the offshore environment. During phase I (2010–2013), a brown
seaweed, Saccharina japonica, was successfully cultured on the TLP system near
Geumil-do Island, Wando, Jeollanamdo. This TLP system is now installed near
Cheongsan Island, between Wando and Jeju Island, growing several species,
including Saccharina japonica, Ecklonia cava, E. stolonifera, Sargassum horneri,
Myagropsis myagroides, and some others. The cost for a TLP system is estimated at
$500,000 for a 1 ha seaweed farm. Although this study showed potential to grow
seaweeds in the offshore environment using the TLP system, limiting high production costs are the most challenging part.
2 Offshore and Multi-Use Aquaculture with Extractive Species…
51