cases, competing uses may be incompatible in a given location (for example,
dragging for wild scallops cannot easily be co-located with on-bottom or floating
moored aquaculture operations). In other cases, multi-use may be feasible (for
example, floating finfish cages or shellfish longlines in the open spaces between
wind farm towers). It is in the interest of society, and of marine resource managers
in particular, to identify and promote the most valuable use (or combination of uses)
of each piece of ocean space. To do this, it is necessary to understand the economic
and ecological production functions for which ocean space is an input.
We then consider the way in which co-location of activities can result in private
and public economic benefits. Private benefits may arise from cost savings due to
shared use of planning and permitting investments, infrastructure, logistics, supply
lines, communication facilities, etc. Public benefits may arise from the accommodation of more economic activity within a smaller footprint, which leaves more
ocean space for other uses and reduces losses in ecosystem service value from
incompatible uses of ocean space.
We conclude with a summary of what is the likely scale of economic benefits
from co-location, and summarize results from a case study of mussel culture and
wind farms in the Netherlands.
10.2 Ocean Space as an Input to Economic Production
Ocean space is a heterogeneous resource that serves as an input to numerous
economic and ecological production processes. Particularly near the coast, where
biological and ecological production is concentrated and where economic and
recreational/aesthetic uses are most intense, ocean space may be in short supply and
heavily contested. Marine spatial planning activities in many regions of the world
are undertaken to manage competing uses of ocean space and promote efficient use
of scare marine resources, particularly in coastal areas. Examples include ongoing
regional ocean planning activities in the United States under the auspices of the US
National Ocean Council, such as the Northeast Regional Ocean Plan (Northeast
Regional Planning Body 2016), and the German marine spatial plan (Bundesamt für
Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie 2016) (Fig. 10.1).
A number of transitory and non-transitory uses can compete for ocean space.
Transitory uses include:
• Commercial fishing (trawls, seines, dredges, longlines, gillnets, handlines)
• Recreational fishing
• Military operations
• Maritime shipping
• Yachting and recreational boating
• Whale watching
• Diving
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H.L. Kite-Powell
dragging for wild scallops cannot easily be co-located with on-bottom or floating
moored aquaculture operations). In other cases, multi-use may be feasible (for
example, floating finfish cages or shellfish longlines in the open spaces between
wind farm towers). It is in the interest of society, and of marine resource managers
in particular, to identify and promote the most valuable use (or combination of uses)
of each piece of ocean space. To do this, it is necessary to understand the economic
and ecological production functions for which ocean space is an input.
We then consider the way in which co-location of activities can result in private
and public economic benefits. Private benefits may arise from cost savings due to
shared use of planning and permitting investments, infrastructure, logistics, supply
lines, communication facilities, etc. Public benefits may arise from the accommodation of more economic activity within a smaller footprint, which leaves more
ocean space for other uses and reduces losses in ecosystem service value from
incompatible uses of ocean space.
We conclude with a summary of what is the likely scale of economic benefits
from co-location, and summarize results from a case study of mussel culture and
wind farms in the Netherlands.
10.2 Ocean Space as an Input to Economic Production
Ocean space is a heterogeneous resource that serves as an input to numerous
economic and ecological production processes. Particularly near the coast, where
biological and ecological production is concentrated and where economic and
recreational/aesthetic uses are most intense, ocean space may be in short supply and
heavily contested. Marine spatial planning activities in many regions of the world
are undertaken to manage competing uses of ocean space and promote efficient use
of scare marine resources, particularly in coastal areas. Examples include ongoing
regional ocean planning activities in the United States under the auspices of the US
National Ocean Council, such as the Northeast Regional Ocean Plan (Northeast
Regional Planning Body 2016), and the German marine spatial plan (Bundesamt für
Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie 2016) (Fig. 10.1).
A number of transitory and non-transitory uses can compete for ocean space.
Transitory uses include:
• Commercial fishing (trawls, seines, dredges, longlines, gillnets, handlines)
• Recreational fishing
• Military operations
• Maritime shipping
• Yachting and recreational boating
• Whale watching
• Diving
234
H.L. Kite-Powell