References
197
These risk reduction measures should be considered also in terms of their
feasibility to implement as well as their cost-benefit ratios. Once specific measures
are selected, the level of risk needs to be reassessed to ensure the process risk would
reach acceptable levels after their implementation. Even after the implementation
of these and potentially other risk management measures, remaining residual risks
should be considered. These could include, for example, a simultaneous failure
of all electricity sources that deactivates measurement devices and alarms as
well as a mechanical failure of the alkaline absorption column. These should be
monitored and further reduced in future risk assessments that make use of new data,
knowledge, and experience within the risk management team.
References
AICHE (2018) Center for Chemical Process Safety. URL https://www.aiche.org/ccps
CCPS (1996) Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models, 2nd edn. URL https://www.
aiche.org/ccps/publications/books/guidelines-use-vapor-cloud-dispersion-models-2nd-edition
CCPS (1999) Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2nd edn. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., URL https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Guidelines+for+Chemical+Process+
Quantitative+Risk+Analysis%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780816907205
CCPS (2007) Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
CCPS (2008a) Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470924891, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/
9780470924891
CCPS (2008b) Inherently Safer Chemical Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470925195, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470925195
CCPS (2009) Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., URL https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Guidelines+for+Developing+Quantitative+
Safety+Risk+Criteria-p-9780470261408
CCPS (2016) Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes, 2nd edn. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119352044, URL http://doi.wiley.
com/10.1002/9781119352044
CCPS (2020) CCPS Process Safety Glossary. URL https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary
Chemical Abstracts Service (2018) SciFinder. URL https://www.cas.org/products/scifinder
CPD (1996) Methods for the calculation of Physical Effects. Tech. rep., URL http://content.
publicatiereeksgevaarlijkestoffen.nl/documents/PGS2/PGS2-1997-v0.1-physical-effects.pdf
Crowl D, Louvar J (1990) Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 1st edn.
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Elvers B (ed) (2000) Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14356007
ESCIS (1998) Introduction to Risk Analysis. ESCIS Safety Series, 4. URL https://doi.org/10.3929/
ETHZ-B-000354485
ISO (2009) ISO 31010 Risk management - Risk assessment techniques. Tech. rep., URL https://
www.iso.org/standard/72140.html
Kim S, Thiessen PA, Bolton EE, Chen J, Fu G, Gindulyte A, Han L, He J, He S, Shoemaker BA, Wang J, Yu B, Zhang J, Bryant SH (2016) PubChem Substance and Compound
databases. Nucleic Acids Research 44(D1):D1202–D1213, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv951,
URL https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv951
197
These risk reduction measures should be considered also in terms of their
feasibility to implement as well as their cost-benefit ratios. Once specific measures
are selected, the level of risk needs to be reassessed to ensure the process risk would
reach acceptable levels after their implementation. Even after the implementation
of these and potentially other risk management measures, remaining residual risks
should be considered. These could include, for example, a simultaneous failure
of all electricity sources that deactivates measurement devices and alarms as
well as a mechanical failure of the alkaline absorption column. These should be
monitored and further reduced in future risk assessments that make use of new data,
knowledge, and experience within the risk management team.
References
AICHE (2018) Center for Chemical Process Safety. URL https://www.aiche.org/ccps
CCPS (1996) Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models, 2nd edn. URL https://www.
aiche.org/ccps/publications/books/guidelines-use-vapor-cloud-dispersion-models-2nd-edition
CCPS (1999) Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2nd edn. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., URL https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Guidelines+for+Chemical+Process+
Quantitative+Risk+Analysis%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780816907205
CCPS (2007) Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
CCPS (2008a) Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470924891, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/
9780470924891
CCPS (2008b) Inherently Safer Chemical Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470925195, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470925195
CCPS (2009) Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., URL https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Guidelines+for+Developing+Quantitative+
Safety+Risk+Criteria-p-9780470261408
CCPS (2016) Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes, 2nd edn. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119352044, URL http://doi.wiley.
com/10.1002/9781119352044
CCPS (2020) CCPS Process Safety Glossary. URL https://www.aiche.org/ccps/resources/glossary
Chemical Abstracts Service (2018) SciFinder. URL https://www.cas.org/products/scifinder
CPD (1996) Methods for the calculation of Physical Effects. Tech. rep., URL http://content.
publicatiereeksgevaarlijkestoffen.nl/documents/PGS2/PGS2-1997-v0.1-physical-effects.pdf
Crowl D, Louvar J (1990) Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 1st edn.
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Elvers B (ed) (2000) Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007, URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14356007
ESCIS (1998) Introduction to Risk Analysis. ESCIS Safety Series, 4. URL https://doi.org/10.3929/
ETHZ-B-000354485
ISO (2009) ISO 31010 Risk management - Risk assessment techniques. Tech. rep., URL https://
www.iso.org/standard/72140.html
Kim S, Thiessen PA, Bolton EE, Chen J, Fu G, Gindulyte A, Han L, He J, He S, Shoemaker BA, Wang J, Yu B, Zhang J, Bryant SH (2016) PubChem Substance and Compound
databases. Nucleic Acids Research 44(D1):D1202–D1213, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv951,
URL https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv951