Contents
Preface IX
1
Nanomaterials: An Introduction 1
2
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites 5
2.1
Introduction 5
2.2
Elementary Consequences of Small Particle Size 12
2.2.1
Surface of Nanoparticles 12
2.2.2
Thermal Phenomena 13
2.2.3
Diffusion Scaling Law 14
2.2.4
Scaling of Vibrations 20
References 22
3
Surfaces in Nanomaterials 23
3.1
General Considerations 23
3.2
Surface Energy 25
3.3
Some Technical Consequences of Surface Energy 36
References 42
4
Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles 45
4.1
Fundamental Considerations 45
4.2
Inert Gas Condensation Process 56
4.3
Physical and Chemical Vapor Synthesis Processes 57
4.4
Laser Ablation Process 60
4.5
Radio- and Microwave Plasma Processes 64
4.6
Flame Aerosol Process 72
4.7
Synthesis of Coated Particles 82
References 87
5
Nanotubes, Nanorods, and Nanoplates 89
5.1
General Considerations 89
5.1.1
Conditions for the Formation of Rods and Plates 93
5.1.2
Layered Structures 94
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