Young’s modulus. However, in contrast to the carbon nanotube composite, in the
case of graphene addition, the maximal strain is reduced significantly, as compared
with the unfilled material. These first results are extremely promising.
References
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H. (1987) Nature, 330, 556.
2 Siegel, R. and Fougere, G.E. (1995)
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Armstrong, R.W. (1993) Nanostruct. Mater.,
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11 Chang, H., Altstetter, C.J., and Averback,
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12 Chokshi, A.H., Rosen, A., Karch, J., and
Gleiter, H. (1989) Scr. Mater., 23, 1679–1684.
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14 Chang, H., Altstetter, C.J., and
Averback, R.S. (1992) J. Mater. Res., 7,
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15 Kadau, K., Germann, T.C., Lomdahl, P.S.,
Holian, B.L., Kadau, D., and Entel, P.
(2004) Met. Mater. Trans., 35, 2719.
16 Kim, H.S., Estrin, Y., and Bush, M.B.
(2000) Acta Mater., 48, 493–504.
17 Jia, D., Wang, Y.M., Ramesh, K.T., Ma, E.,
Zhu, Y.T., and Valiev, R.Z. (2001) Appl.
Phys. Lett., 79, 611–613.
18 McFadden, S.X., Valiev, R.Z., and
Mukherjee, A.K. (2001) Mater. Sci. Eng. A,
319–321, 849–853.
19 Mishra, R.S., Stolyarov, V.V., Echer, C.,
Valiev, R.Z., and Mukherjee, A.K. (2001)
Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 298, 44–50.
20 Betz, U., Padmanabhan, K.A., and Hahn,
H. (2001) J. Mater. Sci., 36, 5811–5821.
21 Gao, H., Ji, B., J€ ager, I.L., Arzt, E., and
Fratzl, P. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
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L.S., Siegel, R.W., Benicewicz, B.C., and
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25 Gilman, J.W., Jackson, C.L., Morgan, A.B.,
Harris, R. Jr., Manias, E., Giannelis, E.P.,
Wuthenow, M., Hilton, D., and Phillips,
S.H. (2000) Chem. Mater., 12, 1866–1873.
26 Fu, X. and Qutubuddin, S. (2001) Polymer,
42, 807–813.
27 Gloaguen, J.M. and Lefebvre, J.M. (2001)
Polymer, 42, 5841–5847.
28 Alexandre, M. and Dubois, P. (2000) Mater.
Sci. Eng., 28, 1–63.
29 Yu, M.-F., Files, B.S., Arepalle, S., and
Ruoff, R.S. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84,
5552–5555.
30 Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J.W., and Hone,
J. (2008) Science, 321, 385–388.
31 Chang, T.E., Jensen, L.R., Kisliuk, A.,
Pipes, R.B., Pyrz, R., and Sokolov, A.P.
(2005) Polymer, 46, 439–444.
32 Li, Y., Wang, K., Wei, J., Gu, Z., Wang, Z.,
Luo, J., and Wu, D. (2005) Carbon, 43,
31–35.
33 Dalton, A.B., Collins, S., Mu~ noz, E., Razal,
J.M., Ebron, V.H., Ferraris, J.P., Coleman,
J.N., Kim, B.G., and Baughman, R.H.
(2003) Nature, 423, 703.
34 Wang, J.Y., Yang, S.Y., Huang, Y.L., Tien,
H.W., Chin, W.K., and Ma, C.C. (2011)
J. Mater. Chem., 21, 13569–13575.
References j333
case of graphene addition, the maximal strain is reduced significantly, as compared
with the unfilled material. These first results are extremely promising.
References
1 Karch, J., Birringer, R., and Gleiter,
H. (1987) Nature, 330, 556.
2 Siegel, R. and Fougere, G.E. (1995)
Nanostruct. Mater., 6, 205–2016.
3 MacKenzie, J.K. (1950) Proc. Phys. Soc.,
63, 2–11.
4 Sanders, P.G., Eastman, J.A., and
Weertmann, J.R. (1997) Acta Mater., 45,
4019–4025.
5 Youngdahl, J., Sanders, P.G., and Eastman,
J.R. (1997) Scr. Mater., 37, 809–813.
6 Nieman, G.W., Weertman, R.W., and
Siegel, R.W. (1990) Scr. Metall. Mater.,
24, 145.
7 Meyers, M.A., Mishra, A., and Benson, D.J.
(2006) Prog. Mater. Sci., 51, 427–556.
8 Vollath, A.D. and Szab o, D.V. (2000) Acta
Mater., 48, 953–967.
9 Dash, W. and Fisher, J. (eds) (1957)
Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of
Crystals, J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
p. 57.
10 Pande, C.S., Masumura, R.A., and
Armstrong, R.W. (1993) Nanostruct. Mater.,
2, 323–331.
11 Chang, H., Altstetter, C.J., and Averback,
R.S. (1992) J. Mater. Res., 7, 2962–2979.
12 Chokshi, A.H., Rosen, A., Karch, J., and
Gleiter, H. (1989) Scr. Mater., 23, 1679–1684.
13 Asby, M.F. and Verall, R.A. (1973) Acta
Mater., 21, 149.
14 Chang, H., Altstetter, C.J., and
Averback, R.S. (1992) J. Mater. Res., 7,
2962–2970.
15 Kadau, K., Germann, T.C., Lomdahl, P.S.,
Holian, B.L., Kadau, D., and Entel, P.
(2004) Met. Mater. Trans., 35, 2719.
16 Kim, H.S., Estrin, Y., and Bush, M.B.
(2000) Acta Mater., 48, 493–504.
17 Jia, D., Wang, Y.M., Ramesh, K.T., Ma, E.,
Zhu, Y.T., and Valiev, R.Z. (2001) Appl.
Phys. Lett., 79, 611–613.
18 McFadden, S.X., Valiev, R.Z., and
Mukherjee, A.K. (2001) Mater. Sci. Eng. A,
319–321, 849–853.
19 Mishra, R.S., Stolyarov, V.V., Echer, C.,
Valiev, R.Z., and Mukherjee, A.K. (2001)
Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 298, 44–50.
20 Betz, U., Padmanabhan, K.A., and Hahn,
H. (2001) J. Mater. Sci., 36, 5811–5821.
21 Gao, H., Ji, B., J€ ager, I.L., Arzt, E., and
Fratzl, P. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
100, 5597–5600.
22 Jordan, J., Jacob, K.I., Tannenbaum, R.,
Sharaf, M.A., and Jasiuk, I. (2005) Mater.
Sci. Eng. A, 393, 1–11.
23 Reynaud, E., Jouen, T., Gautheir, C., and
Vigier, G. (2001) Polymer, 42, 8759–8768.
24 Ash, B.J., Stone, J., Rogers, D.F., Schadler,
L.S., Siegel, R.W., Benicewicz, B.C., and
Apple, T. (2000) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.
Proc., 661, KK2.10.
25 Gilman, J.W., Jackson, C.L., Morgan, A.B.,
Harris, R. Jr., Manias, E., Giannelis, E.P.,
Wuthenow, M., Hilton, D., and Phillips,
S.H. (2000) Chem. Mater., 12, 1866–1873.
26 Fu, X. and Qutubuddin, S. (2001) Polymer,
42, 807–813.
27 Gloaguen, J.M. and Lefebvre, J.M. (2001)
Polymer, 42, 5841–5847.
28 Alexandre, M. and Dubois, P. (2000) Mater.
Sci. Eng., 28, 1–63.
29 Yu, M.-F., Files, B.S., Arepalle, S., and
Ruoff, R.S. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84,
5552–5555.
30 Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J.W., and Hone,
J. (2008) Science, 321, 385–388.
31 Chang, T.E., Jensen, L.R., Kisliuk, A.,
Pipes, R.B., Pyrz, R., and Sokolov, A.P.
(2005) Polymer, 46, 439–444.
32 Li, Y., Wang, K., Wei, J., Gu, Z., Wang, Z.,
Luo, J., and Wu, D. (2005) Carbon, 43,
31–35.
33 Dalton, A.B., Collins, S., Mu~ noz, E., Razal,
J.M., Ebron, V.H., Ferraris, J.P., Coleman,
J.N., Kim, B.G., and Baughman, R.H.
(2003) Nature, 423, 703.
34 Wang, J.Y., Yang, S.Y., Huang, Y.L., Tien,
H.W., Chin, W.K., and Ma, C.C. (2011)
J. Mater. Chem., 21, 13569–13575.
References j333