134
5 3D Interphase of PVA Bionanocomposite Films
that there is a percolation threshold for the NBC loading of 5 wt%, beyond which
nanomechanical properties of interphases may diminish in good accordance with
PVA/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites [10, 22].
In case of PVA bionanocomposites reinforced with Cloisite 30B clays and HNTs
depicted in Fig. 5.14a, d, a very similar phenomenon was also noticed that the distance
(a)
A24
B24
(b)
A24
B24
(c)
B25
A25
(d)
(e)
(f)
A25
B25
Fig. 5.14 a Typical 3D height mapping image of PVA/5 wt% Cloisite 30B clay bionanocomposite
surfaces, b 2D height mapping image of PVA/5 wt% Cloisite 30B clay bionanocomposite surfaces
for phase separation [5], c elastic modulus mapping profile of PVA/10 wt% Cloisite 30B clay
bionanocomposite sample cut along the cut section A 24 B 24 [5], d 3D height mapping image of
PVA/5 wt% HNT bionanocomposite surfaces for phase separation, e 3D height mapping image
of PVA/10 wt% HNT bionanocomposite surfaces for HNT agglomeration and f elastic modulus
mapping profile of PVA/10 wt% HNT bionanocomposite sample along the cut section A 25 B 25 in
d [5]