94
4 PVA Bionanocomposite Films with Different Particle …
L=208±8.8 nm,
D=35.2±3.9 nm
L/D= 5.91
(a)
(b)
L=410±10.3 nm, D=66.5±4.2 nm
L/D= 6.17
(c)
L=900.6±18.7 nm, D=85±5.8 nm
L/D= 10.60
(d)
L=109±7.9 nm, t=4.8±0.25 nm
L=208±11.3 nm, t=16.8±1.2 nm
L/t= 12.38
(e)
L=560±20.5 nm, t=41.6±6.3 nm
L/t= 13.46
(f)
D=27.6±3.2 nm, t=4.8±0.5 nm
D/t= 5.75
(g)
D=78.4±4.25 nm, t=11.2± 2.62 nm
D/t= 7.00
(h)
D=232±7.31 nm, t=28.4± 4.6 nm
D/t=8.17
(i)
Fig. 4.7
AFM topographic images of PVA bionanocomposites associated with aspect ratios of embedded fillers: a
3 wt% HNTs, b
5 wt% HNTs, c
10 wt%
HNTs, d
3 wt% Cloisite 30B clays, e
5 wt% Cloisite 30B clays, f
10 wt% Cloisite 30B clays, g
3 wt% NBCs, h
5 wt% NBCs and i
10 wt% NBCs [12]