References
1. Klimpel A, Lutzenburg T, Neundorf I (2019)
Recent advances of anti-cancer therapies
including the use of cell-penetrating peptides.
Curr Opin Pharmacol 47:8–13
2. El-Andaloussi S, Holm T, Langel U (2005)
Cell-penetrating peptides: mechanisms and
applications. Curr Pharm Des 11:3597–3611
3. Kalafatovic D, Giralt E (2017) Cell-penetrating
peptides: design strategies beyond primary
structure and amphipathicity. Molecules 22:
E1929
4. Heitz F, Morris MC, Divita G (2009) Twenty
years of cell-penetrating peptides: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 157:195–206
5. Green M, Loewenstein PM (1988) Autonomous functional domains of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivator protein. Cell 55:1179–1188
6. Frankel AD, Pabo CO (1988) Cellular uptake
of the Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 55:1189–1193
7. Su R, Hu J, Zou Q, Manavalan B, Wei L
(2020) Empirical comparison and analysis of
web-based cell-penetrating peptide prediction
tools. Brief Bioinform 21(2):408–420.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby124
8. Liu BR, Huang YW, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ
(2016) Identification of a short cellpenetrating peptide from bovine lactoferricin
for intracellular delivery of DNA in human
A549 cells. PLoS One 11:e0150439
9. Liu BR, Huang YW, Korivi M, Lo SY, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ (2017) The primary mechanism of cellular internalization for a short cellpenetrating peptide as a nano-scale delivery
system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18:569–584
10. Lee HJ, Huang YW, Aronstam RS (2019)
Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles mediated
by lactoferricin cell-penetrating peptides in an
endocytic pathway. J Nanosci Nanotechnol
19:613–621
11. Chang M, Huang YW, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ
(2014) Cellular delivery of noncovalentlyassociated macromolecules by cell-penetrating
peptides. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 15:267–275
12. Futaki S, Suzuki T, Ohashi W, Yagami T,
Tanaka S, Ueda K, Sugiura Y (2001)
Arginine-rich peptides. An abundant source of
membrane-permeable peptides having potential as carriers for intracellular protein delivery
J Biol Chem 276:5836–5840
13. Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS
(2018) Transcription factors: time to deliver. J
Control Release 269:24–35
14. Lee HJ, Huang YW, Chiou SH, Aronstam RS
(2019) Polyhistidine facilitates direct membrane translocation of cell-penetrating peptides
into cells. Sci Rep 9:9398
15. Neundorf I, Rennert R, Franke J, Kozle I,
Bergmann R (2008) Detailed analysis
concerning the biodistribution and metabolism of human calcitonin-derived cellpenetrating peptides. Bioconjug Chem
19:1596–1603
16. Bernkop-Schnu ¨rch A (2018) Strategies to
overcome the polycation dilemma in drug
delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 136–137:62–72
L5a CPP for Intracellular Delivery of DNA
121
1. Klimpel A, Lutzenburg T, Neundorf I (2019)
Recent advances of anti-cancer therapies
including the use of cell-penetrating peptides.
Curr Opin Pharmacol 47:8–13
2. El-Andaloussi S, Holm T, Langel U (2005)
Cell-penetrating peptides: mechanisms and
applications. Curr Pharm Des 11:3597–3611
3. Kalafatovic D, Giralt E (2017) Cell-penetrating
peptides: design strategies beyond primary
structure and amphipathicity. Molecules 22:
E1929
4. Heitz F, Morris MC, Divita G (2009) Twenty
years of cell-penetrating peptides: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 157:195–206
5. Green M, Loewenstein PM (1988) Autonomous functional domains of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivator protein. Cell 55:1179–1188
6. Frankel AD, Pabo CO (1988) Cellular uptake
of the Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 55:1189–1193
7. Su R, Hu J, Zou Q, Manavalan B, Wei L
(2020) Empirical comparison and analysis of
web-based cell-penetrating peptide prediction
tools. Brief Bioinform 21(2):408–420.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby124
8. Liu BR, Huang YW, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ
(2016) Identification of a short cellpenetrating peptide from bovine lactoferricin
for intracellular delivery of DNA in human
A549 cells. PLoS One 11:e0150439
9. Liu BR, Huang YW, Korivi M, Lo SY, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ (2017) The primary mechanism of cellular internalization for a short cellpenetrating peptide as a nano-scale delivery
system. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18:569–584
10. Lee HJ, Huang YW, Aronstam RS (2019)
Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles mediated
by lactoferricin cell-penetrating peptides in an
endocytic pathway. J Nanosci Nanotechnol
19:613–621
11. Chang M, Huang YW, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ
(2014) Cellular delivery of noncovalentlyassociated macromolecules by cell-penetrating
peptides. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 15:267–275
12. Futaki S, Suzuki T, Ohashi W, Yagami T,
Tanaka S, Ueda K, Sugiura Y (2001)
Arginine-rich peptides. An abundant source of
membrane-permeable peptides having potential as carriers for intracellular protein delivery
J Biol Chem 276:5836–5840
13. Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS
(2018) Transcription factors: time to deliver. J
Control Release 269:24–35
14. Lee HJ, Huang YW, Chiou SH, Aronstam RS
(2019) Polyhistidine facilitates direct membrane translocation of cell-penetrating peptides
into cells. Sci Rep 9:9398
15. Neundorf I, Rennert R, Franke J, Kozle I,
Bergmann R (2008) Detailed analysis
concerning the biodistribution and metabolism of human calcitonin-derived cellpenetrating peptides. Bioconjug Chem
19:1596–1603
16. Bernkop-Schnu ¨rch A (2018) Strategies to
overcome the polycation dilemma in drug
delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 136–137:62–72
L5a CPP for Intracellular Delivery of DNA
121