10.9 Introduction to the Famous Scientists
741
transformation and the relation between mass and velocityin 1904, Laid the foundation for Einstein founded the special theory of relativity. Served as a permanent
Chairman of the Solvay Conference from 1911 to 1927. Became the curator of the
“Physics Cabinet” at Teyler’s Museum in Haarlem in 1912. Served as the higher
education minister in 1921. Had contributions to physics, mechanics, optics, electromagnetism and theory of relativity, and other fields, honorary PhD University
of Paris and University of Cambridge, the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford
Medal in 1908 and Copley Medal in 1918, was a foreign member of many academies
of sciences in the world. The works had The theory of electrons (1909), The Einstein
Theory of Relativity (1920), Lectures on theoretical physics (8 volumes, 1827–1931)
and Collected Papers (9 volumes, 1935–1939) etc.
Planck (Max Karl Ernst Ludwig, 1858.4.23–1947.10.3) German physicist. Born in
Kiel, died in Göttingen. The founder of quantum physics. Attended University of
Munich in 1874, studied at the University of Birlin from 1877 to 1878, received a
doctor’s degree from the University of Munich in 1879. Served as a lecturer at the
University of Munich in 1880, served as a professor at the University of Kiel in
1885. Served as asoociate professor at the University of Birlin in 1889, served as a
professor in 1892. Was elected an academician of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
in 1894. In 1900 proposed the the quantum postulate that the radiation energy can
be emitted only in the form of a multiple of an elementary unit of quantum, from
which originated quantum theory, was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918.
Became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in
1926. 1930–1937, Served as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1930–1937.
Had important contributions to thermodynamics and statistical physics. The works
had Das Princip der Erhaltung der Energie (1887, 2nd Edition, 1908), Vorlesungen
über Thermodynamik (1897), Vorlesung über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung (The
Theory of Heat Radiation, 1906, 2nd Edition, 1914) and Eight Lectures on Theoretical
Physics (1909, 1915) etc.
De Broglie (Louis Victor Pierre Raymond Prince 1892.8.15—1987.3.19) French
theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Born in Dieppe,
Died in Louveciennes. Attended the Sorbonne University to study history in 1909
and got a bachelor’s degree in 1910. Received a bachelor degree in science at the
University of Paris in 1913. Obtained a Doctorate at the University of Paris in 1924.
Served as a lecturer at the Sorbonne University in 1926, served as a professor of
theoretical physics at the University of Paris from 1932 to 1962. Served as perpetual
secretary of the French Academy of Sciences from 1942 to 1975. Won the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 1929. Was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences
in 1933, was also a member of the Royal Society, academicians of the United States
National Academy of Sciences and in all 18 academies of sciences, honorary doctors
of many universities. Mainly engaged in the study of classical mechanics, quantum
mechanics, theory of fields, quantum electrodynamics, physics history and methodology etc. The works had La Mécanique ondulatoire (1828), Matière et lumière
741
transformation and the relation between mass and velocityin 1904, Laid the foundation for Einstein founded the special theory of relativity. Served as a permanent
Chairman of the Solvay Conference from 1911 to 1927. Became the curator of the
“Physics Cabinet” at Teyler’s Museum in Haarlem in 1912. Served as the higher
education minister in 1921. Had contributions to physics, mechanics, optics, electromagnetism and theory of relativity, and other fields, honorary PhD University
of Paris and University of Cambridge, the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford
Medal in 1908 and Copley Medal in 1918, was a foreign member of many academies
of sciences in the world. The works had The theory of electrons (1909), The Einstein
Theory of Relativity (1920), Lectures on theoretical physics (8 volumes, 1827–1931)
and Collected Papers (9 volumes, 1935–1939) etc.
Planck (Max Karl Ernst Ludwig, 1858.4.23–1947.10.3) German physicist. Born in
Kiel, died in Göttingen. The founder of quantum physics. Attended University of
Munich in 1874, studied at the University of Birlin from 1877 to 1878, received a
doctor’s degree from the University of Munich in 1879. Served as a lecturer at the
University of Munich in 1880, served as a professor at the University of Kiel in
1885. Served as asoociate professor at the University of Birlin in 1889, served as a
professor in 1892. Was elected an academician of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
in 1894. In 1900 proposed the the quantum postulate that the radiation energy can
be emitted only in the form of a multiple of an elementary unit of quantum, from
which originated quantum theory, was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918.
Became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in
1926. 1930–1937, Served as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1930–1937.
Had important contributions to thermodynamics and statistical physics. The works
had Das Princip der Erhaltung der Energie (1887, 2nd Edition, 1908), Vorlesungen
über Thermodynamik (1897), Vorlesung über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung (The
Theory of Heat Radiation, 1906, 2nd Edition, 1914) and Eight Lectures on Theoretical
Physics (1909, 1915) etc.
De Broglie (Louis Victor Pierre Raymond Prince 1892.8.15—1987.3.19) French
theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Born in Dieppe,
Died in Louveciennes. Attended the Sorbonne University to study history in 1909
and got a bachelor’s degree in 1910. Received a bachelor degree in science at the
University of Paris in 1913. Obtained a Doctorate at the University of Paris in 1924.
Served as a lecturer at the Sorbonne University in 1926, served as a professor of
theoretical physics at the University of Paris from 1932 to 1962. Served as perpetual
secretary of the French Academy of Sciences from 1942 to 1975. Won the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 1929. Was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences
in 1933, was also a member of the Royal Society, academicians of the United States
National Academy of Sciences and in all 18 academies of sciences, honorary doctors
of many universities. Mainly engaged in the study of classical mechanics, quantum
mechanics, theory of fields, quantum electrodynamics, physics history and methodology etc. The works had La Mécanique ondulatoire (1828), Matière et lumière