252
J. Zhu et al.
19. Bagotzky V, Tarasevich M, Radyushkina K, Levina O, Andrusyova S (1978) Electrocatalysis
of the oxygen reduction process on metal chelates in acid electrolyte. J Power Sourc 2:233–240
20. Gupta S, Tryk D, Bae I, Aldred W, Yeager E (1989) Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based
catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. J Appl Electrochem 19:19–27
21. Wu G, More KL, Johnston CM, Zelenay P (2011) High-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen
reduction derived from polyaniline, iron, and cobalt. Science 332:443–447
22. Antolini E (2009) Palladium in fuel cell catalysis. Energ Environ Sci 2:915–931
23. Mustain WE, Prakash J (2007) Kinetics and mechanism for the oxygen reduction reaction on
polycrystalline cobalt–palladium electrocatalysts in acid media. J Power Sourc 170:28–37
24. Wang W, Zheng D, Du C, Zou Z, Zhang X, Xia B et al (2007) Carbon-supported Pd-Co
bimetallic nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Power Sourc
167:243–249
25. Ramos-Sánchez G, Yee-Madeira H, Solorza-Feria O (2008) PdNi electrocatalyst for oxygen
reduction in acid media. Int J Hydrog Energ 33:3596–3600
26. Yin S, Cai M, Wang C, Shen PK (2011) Tungsten carbide promoted Pd–Fe as alcohol-tolerant
electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Energ Environ Sci 4:558–563
27. Zhu J, Shen PK (2013) Chelate resin self-assembled quaternary Co–N–P–C catalyst for oxygen
reduction reaction. Rsc Adv 3:14686–14690
28. Zhu J, He G, Liang L, Wan Q, Shen PK. Direct anchoring of platinum nanoparticles on nitrogen
and phosphorus-dual-doped carbon nanotube arrays for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim
Acta
29. Snyder J, Fujita T, Chen M, Erlebacher J (2010) Oxygen reduction in nanoporous metal–ionic
liquid composite electrocatalysts. Nat Mater 9:904–907
30. Elezovi´ c NR, Babi´ c BM, Krstaji´ c NV, Gojkovi´ c SL, Vraˇ car LM (2008) Temperature dependence of the kinetics of oxygen reduction on carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles. J Serb Chem
Soc 73:641–654
31. Wong W, Daud W, Mohamad A, Kadhum A, Loh K, Majlan E et al (2014) The impact of
loading and temperature on the oxygen reduction reaction at nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes
in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 129:47–54
32. Paulus U, Schmidt T, Gasteiger H, Behm R (2001) Oxygen reduction on a high-surface area
Pt/Vulcan carbon catalyst: a thin-film rotating ring-disk electrode study. J Electroanal Chem
495:134–145
33. Zhu J, He C, Li Y, Kang S, Shen PK (2013) One-step synthesis of boron and nitrogen-dual-selfdoped graphene sheets as non-metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater Chem A
1:14700–14705
34. Jukk K, Kozlova J, Ritslaid P, Sammelselg V, Alexeyeva N, Tammeveski K (2013) Sputterdeposited Pt nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite catalyst for oxygen
reduction reaction. J Electroanal Chem 708:31–38
35. Jiang J, Yi B (2005) Thickness effects of a carbon-supported platinum catalyst layer on the
electrochemical reduction of oxygen in sulfuric acid solution. J Electroanal Chem 577:107–115
36. He C, Zhang JJ, Shen PK (2014) Nitrogen-self-doped graphene-based non-precious metal
catalyst with superior performance to Pt/C catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater
Chem A 2:3231–3236
37. Cheng F, Chen J (2012) Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode
catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 41:2172–2192
38. Kim H, Jeong G, Kim YU et al. (2013) Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries.
Chem Soc Rev 42:9011–9034
39. Li YG, Lu J (2017) Metal−Air Batteries: Will they be the future electrochemical energy storage
device of choice. ACS Energy Lett 2:1370–1377
40. Song MK, Park S, Alamgir FM et al (2011) Nanostructured electrodes for lithium-ion and
lithium-air batteries: the latest developments, challenges, and perspectives. Mater Sci Eng R
72:203–252
41. Jang-Soo Lee, Sun Tai Kim, Ruiguo Cao et al. (2011) Metal–air batteries with high energy
density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air. Adv Energy Mater 1:34–50
J. Zhu et al.
19. Bagotzky V, Tarasevich M, Radyushkina K, Levina O, Andrusyova S (1978) Electrocatalysis
of the oxygen reduction process on metal chelates in acid electrolyte. J Power Sourc 2:233–240
20. Gupta S, Tryk D, Bae I, Aldred W, Yeager E (1989) Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based
catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. J Appl Electrochem 19:19–27
21. Wu G, More KL, Johnston CM, Zelenay P (2011) High-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen
reduction derived from polyaniline, iron, and cobalt. Science 332:443–447
22. Antolini E (2009) Palladium in fuel cell catalysis. Energ Environ Sci 2:915–931
23. Mustain WE, Prakash J (2007) Kinetics and mechanism for the oxygen reduction reaction on
polycrystalline cobalt–palladium electrocatalysts in acid media. J Power Sourc 170:28–37
24. Wang W, Zheng D, Du C, Zou Z, Zhang X, Xia B et al (2007) Carbon-supported Pd-Co
bimetallic nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Power Sourc
167:243–249
25. Ramos-Sánchez G, Yee-Madeira H, Solorza-Feria O (2008) PdNi electrocatalyst for oxygen
reduction in acid media. Int J Hydrog Energ 33:3596–3600
26. Yin S, Cai M, Wang C, Shen PK (2011) Tungsten carbide promoted Pd–Fe as alcohol-tolerant
electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Energ Environ Sci 4:558–563
27. Zhu J, Shen PK (2013) Chelate resin self-assembled quaternary Co–N–P–C catalyst for oxygen
reduction reaction. Rsc Adv 3:14686–14690
28. Zhu J, He G, Liang L, Wan Q, Shen PK. Direct anchoring of platinum nanoparticles on nitrogen
and phosphorus-dual-doped carbon nanotube arrays for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim
Acta
29. Snyder J, Fujita T, Chen M, Erlebacher J (2010) Oxygen reduction in nanoporous metal–ionic
liquid composite electrocatalysts. Nat Mater 9:904–907
30. Elezovi´ c NR, Babi´ c BM, Krstaji´ c NV, Gojkovi´ c SL, Vraˇ car LM (2008) Temperature dependence of the kinetics of oxygen reduction on carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles. J Serb Chem
Soc 73:641–654
31. Wong W, Daud W, Mohamad A, Kadhum A, Loh K, Majlan E et al (2014) The impact of
loading and temperature on the oxygen reduction reaction at nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes
in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 129:47–54
32. Paulus U, Schmidt T, Gasteiger H, Behm R (2001) Oxygen reduction on a high-surface area
Pt/Vulcan carbon catalyst: a thin-film rotating ring-disk electrode study. J Electroanal Chem
495:134–145
33. Zhu J, He C, Li Y, Kang S, Shen PK (2013) One-step synthesis of boron and nitrogen-dual-selfdoped graphene sheets as non-metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater Chem A
1:14700–14705
34. Jukk K, Kozlova J, Ritslaid P, Sammelselg V, Alexeyeva N, Tammeveski K (2013) Sputterdeposited Pt nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite catalyst for oxygen
reduction reaction. J Electroanal Chem 708:31–38
35. Jiang J, Yi B (2005) Thickness effects of a carbon-supported platinum catalyst layer on the
electrochemical reduction of oxygen in sulfuric acid solution. J Electroanal Chem 577:107–115
36. He C, Zhang JJ, Shen PK (2014) Nitrogen-self-doped graphene-based non-precious metal
catalyst with superior performance to Pt/C catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater
Chem A 2:3231–3236
37. Cheng F, Chen J (2012) Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode
catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 41:2172–2192
38. Kim H, Jeong G, Kim YU et al. (2013) Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries.
Chem Soc Rev 42:9011–9034
39. Li YG, Lu J (2017) Metal−Air Batteries: Will they be the future electrochemical energy storage
device of choice. ACS Energy Lett 2:1370–1377
40. Song MK, Park S, Alamgir FM et al (2011) Nanostructured electrodes for lithium-ion and
lithium-air batteries: the latest developments, challenges, and perspectives. Mater Sci Eng R
72:203–252
41. Jang-Soo Lee, Sun Tai Kim, Ruiguo Cao et al. (2011) Metal–air batteries with high energy
density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air. Adv Energy Mater 1:34–50