5 Preparation of the Catalysts
213
86. Wang L, Yamauchi Y (2013) Metallic nanocages: synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Pd hollow
nanoparticles with dendritic shells by selective chemical etching. J Am Chem Soc
135(45):16762–16765
87. Strasser P, Koh S, Anniyev T et al (2010) Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed
core-shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat Chem 2(6):454–460
88. Mani P, Srivastava R, Strasser P (2008) Dealloyed Pt−Cu core-shell nanoparticle electrocatalysts for use in PEM fuel cell cathodes. J Phys Chem C 112(7):2770–2778
89. Gan L, Heggen M, O Malley R et al (2013) Understanding and controlling nanoporosity
formation for improving the stability of bimetallic fuel cell catalysts. Nano Lett 13(3):1131–
1138
90. Koh S, Strasser P (2007) Electrocatalysis on bimetallic surfaces: modifying catalytic reactivity
for oxygen reduction by voltammetric surface dealloying. J Am Chem Soc 129(42):12624–
12625
91. Srivastava R, Mani P, Hahn N et al (2007) Efficient oxygen reduction fuel cell electrocatalysis
on voltammetrically dealloyed Pt-Cu-Co nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 46(47):8988–
8991
92. Yue J, Du Z, Shao M (2015) Mechanisms of enhanced electrocatalytic activity for
oxygen reduction reaction on high-index platinumn(111)-(111) surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett
6(17):3346–3351
93. Su L, Jia W, Li C et al (2014) Mechanisms for enhanced performance of platinum-based
electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Chemsuschem 7(2):361–378
94. Li Q, Wu L, Wu G et al (2015) New approach to fully ordered fct-FePt nanoparticles for much
enhanced electrocatalysis in acid. Nano Lett 15(4):2468–2473
95. Li J, Xi Z, Pan Y et al (2018) Fe stabilization by intermetallic L1 0 -FePt and Pt catalysis
enhancement in L1 0 -FePt/Pt nanoparticles for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in fuel
cells. J Am Chem Soc 140(8):2926–2932
96. Li J, Sharma S, Liu X et al (2019) Hard-magnet L1 0 -CoPt nanoparticles advance fuel cell
catalysis. Joule 3(1):124–135
97. Chong L, Wen J, Kubal J et al (2018) Ultralow-loading platinum-cobalt fuel cell catalysts
derived from imidazolate frameworks. Science 362(6420):1276–1281
98. Wang XX, Hwang S, Pan Y et al (2018) Ordered Pt 3 Co intermetallic nanoparticles derived
from metal-organic frameworks for oxygen reduction. Nano Lett 18(7):4163–4171
99. Liao H, Fisher A, Xu ZJ (2015) Surface segregation in bimetallic nanoparticles: acritical issue
in electrocatalyst engineering. Small 11(27):3221–3246
100. Wu Y, Li Y (2015) New understanding of phase segregation of bimetallic nanoalloys. Sci
China Mater 58(1):3–4
101. Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M et al (2013) Compositional segregation in shaped Pt alloy
nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. Nat Mater 12(8):765–771
102. Shao M, Chang Q, Dodelet J et al (2016) Recent advances in electrocatalysts for oxygen
reduction reaction. Chem Rev 116(6):3594–3657
103. Liu H, Nosheen F, Wang X (2015) Noble metal alloy complex nanostructures: controllable
synthesis and their electrochemical property. Chem Soc Rev 44(1):356–378
104. Quan Z, Wang Y, Fang J (2012) High-index faceted noble metal nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res
46(2):191–202
105. Zhang H, Jin M, Xia Y (2012) Noble-metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces: synthesis
and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(31):7656–7673
106. Zhang P, Dai X, Zhang X et al (2015) One-pot synthesis of ternary Pt-Ni-Cu nanocrystals
with high catalytic performance. Chem Mater 27(18):6402–6410
107. Yu X, Wang D, Peng Q et al (2011) High performance electrocatalyst: Pt-Cu hollow
nanocrystals. Chem Commun 47(28):8094
108. Wang X, Feng J, Bai Y et al (2016) Synthesis, properties, and applications of hollow micro/nanostructures. Chem Rev 116(18):10983–11060
109. Lim B, Xia Y (2011) Metal nanocrystals with highly branched morphologies. Angew Chem
Int Ed 50(1):76–85
213
86. Wang L, Yamauchi Y (2013) Metallic nanocages: synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Pd hollow
nanoparticles with dendritic shells by selective chemical etching. J Am Chem Soc
135(45):16762–16765
87. Strasser P, Koh S, Anniyev T et al (2010) Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed
core-shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat Chem 2(6):454–460
88. Mani P, Srivastava R, Strasser P (2008) Dealloyed Pt−Cu core-shell nanoparticle electrocatalysts for use in PEM fuel cell cathodes. J Phys Chem C 112(7):2770–2778
89. Gan L, Heggen M, O Malley R et al (2013) Understanding and controlling nanoporosity
formation for improving the stability of bimetallic fuel cell catalysts. Nano Lett 13(3):1131–
1138
90. Koh S, Strasser P (2007) Electrocatalysis on bimetallic surfaces: modifying catalytic reactivity
for oxygen reduction by voltammetric surface dealloying. J Am Chem Soc 129(42):12624–
12625
91. Srivastava R, Mani P, Hahn N et al (2007) Efficient oxygen reduction fuel cell electrocatalysis
on voltammetrically dealloyed Pt-Cu-Co nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 46(47):8988–
8991
92. Yue J, Du Z, Shao M (2015) Mechanisms of enhanced electrocatalytic activity for
oxygen reduction reaction on high-index platinumn(111)-(111) surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett
6(17):3346–3351
93. Su L, Jia W, Li C et al (2014) Mechanisms for enhanced performance of platinum-based
electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Chemsuschem 7(2):361–378
94. Li Q, Wu L, Wu G et al (2015) New approach to fully ordered fct-FePt nanoparticles for much
enhanced electrocatalysis in acid. Nano Lett 15(4):2468–2473
95. Li J, Xi Z, Pan Y et al (2018) Fe stabilization by intermetallic L1 0 -FePt and Pt catalysis
enhancement in L1 0 -FePt/Pt nanoparticles for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in fuel
cells. J Am Chem Soc 140(8):2926–2932
96. Li J, Sharma S, Liu X et al (2019) Hard-magnet L1 0 -CoPt nanoparticles advance fuel cell
catalysis. Joule 3(1):124–135
97. Chong L, Wen J, Kubal J et al (2018) Ultralow-loading platinum-cobalt fuel cell catalysts
derived from imidazolate frameworks. Science 362(6420):1276–1281
98. Wang XX, Hwang S, Pan Y et al (2018) Ordered Pt 3 Co intermetallic nanoparticles derived
from metal-organic frameworks for oxygen reduction. Nano Lett 18(7):4163–4171
99. Liao H, Fisher A, Xu ZJ (2015) Surface segregation in bimetallic nanoparticles: acritical issue
in electrocatalyst engineering. Small 11(27):3221–3246
100. Wu Y, Li Y (2015) New understanding of phase segregation of bimetallic nanoalloys. Sci
China Mater 58(1):3–4
101. Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M et al (2013) Compositional segregation in shaped Pt alloy
nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. Nat Mater 12(8):765–771
102. Shao M, Chang Q, Dodelet J et al (2016) Recent advances in electrocatalysts for oxygen
reduction reaction. Chem Rev 116(6):3594–3657
103. Liu H, Nosheen F, Wang X (2015) Noble metal alloy complex nanostructures: controllable
synthesis and their electrochemical property. Chem Soc Rev 44(1):356–378
104. Quan Z, Wang Y, Fang J (2012) High-index faceted noble metal nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res
46(2):191–202
105. Zhang H, Jin M, Xia Y (2012) Noble-metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces: synthesis
and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(31):7656–7673
106. Zhang P, Dai X, Zhang X et al (2015) One-pot synthesis of ternary Pt-Ni-Cu nanocrystals
with high catalytic performance. Chem Mater 27(18):6402–6410
107. Yu X, Wang D, Peng Q et al (2011) High performance electrocatalyst: Pt-Cu hollow
nanocrystals. Chem Commun 47(28):8094
108. Wang X, Feng J, Bai Y et al (2016) Synthesis, properties, and applications of hollow micro/nanostructures. Chem Rev 116(18):10983–11060
109. Lim B, Xia Y (2011) Metal nanocrystals with highly branched morphologies. Angew Chem
Int Ed 50(1):76–85