5 Preparation of the Catalysts
211
37. Yoshimura M, Byrappa K (2008) Hydrothermal processing of materials: past, present and
future. J Mater Sci 43(7):2085–2103
38. Tang Y, Zhang Y, Deng J et al (2014) Mechanical force-driven growth of elongated bending
TiO 2 -based nanotubular materials for ultrafast rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Adv Mater
26(35):6111–6118
39. Gilroy KD, Ruditskiy A, Peng H et al (2016) Bimetallic nanocrystals: syntheses, properties,
and applications. Chem Rev 116(18):10414–10472
40. Lee H, Yang KD, Yoon SM et al (2015) Concave rhombic dodecahedral Au nanocatalyst with
multiple high-index facets for CO 2 Reduction. ACS Nano 9(8):8384–8393
41. Cai B, Hübner R, Sasaki K et al (2018) Core-shell structuring of pure metallic aerogels towards
highly efficient platinum utilization for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed
57(11):2963–2966
42. Cai B, Sayevich V, Gaponik N et al (2018) Emerging hierarchical aerogels: self-assembly of
metal and semiconductor nanocrystals. Adv Mater 30(33):1707518
43. Hench LL, West JK (1990) The sol-gel process. Chem Rev 90:33–72
44. Sui R, Charpentier P (2012) Synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures by direct sol-gel
chemistry in supercritical fluids. Chem Rev 112(6):3057–3082
45. Herrmann A, Formanek P, Borchardt L et al (2013) Multimetallic aerogels by template-free
self-assembly of Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd nanoparticles. Chem Mater 26(2):1074–1083
46. Liu W, Rodriguez P, Borchardt L et al (2013) Bimetallic aerogels: high-performance
electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 52(37):9849–9852
47. Henning S, Kühn L, Herranz J et al (2017) Effect of acid washing on the oxygen reduction
reaction activity of Pt-Cu aerogel catalysts. Electrochim Acta 233:210–217
48. Liu W, Herrmann A, Bigall NC et al (2015) Noble metal aerogels-synthesis, characterization,
and application as electrocatalysts. Acc Chem Res 48(2):154–162
49. Rodriguez JA, Goodman DW (1992) The nature of the metal-metal bond in bimetallic surfaces.
Science 257:897–903
50. Fang H, Yang J, Wen M et al (2018) Nanoalloy materials for chemical catalysis. Adv Mater
30(17):1705698
51. Zhang N, Shao Q, Xiao X et al (2019) Advanced catalysts derived from compositionsegregated platinum-nickel nanostructures: new opportunities and challenges. Adv Func
Mater 29(13):1808161
52. Lamer VK, Dinegar RH (1950) Theory, production and mechanism of formation of
monodispersed hydrosols. 11(72):4847–4854
53. Duchesne PN, Li ZY, Deming CP et al (2018) Golden single-atomic-site platinum electrocatalysts. Nat Mater 17(11):1033–1039
54. Zhou M, Wang H, Elnabawy AO et al (2019) Facile one-pot synthesis of Pd@Pt 1L octahedra
with enhanced activity and durability toward oxygen reduction. Chem Mater 31(4):1370–1380
55. Lim B, Jiang M, Camargo PH et al (2009) Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites with high activity
for oxygen reduction. Science 324(5932):1302–1305
56. Luo S, Chen W, Cheng Y et al (2019) Trimetallic synergy in intermetallic PtSnBi nanoplates
boosts formic acid oxidation. Adv Mater 1903683
57. Ma T, Wang S, Chen M et al (2019) Toward phase and catalysis control: tracking the formation
of intermetallic nanoparticles at atomic scale. Chem 5(5):1235–1247
58. Wu L, Fournier AP, Willis JJ et al (2018) In situ X-ray scattering guides the synthesis of
uniform PtSn nanocrystals. Nano Lett 18(6):4053–4057
59. Wang D, Peng Q, Li Y (2010) Nanocrystalline intermetallics and alloys. Nano Res 3(8):574–
580
60. Vasquez Y, Sra AK, Schaak RE (2005) One-pot synthesis of hollow superparamagnetic CoPt
nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 127(36):12504–12505
61. Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen B et al (2016) Submonolayered Ru deposited on ultrathin Pd nanosheets
used for enhanced catalytic applications. Adv Mater 28(46):10282–10286
62. Yao Y, He DS, Lin Y et al (2016) Modulating FCC and HCP ruthenium on the surface of
palladium-copper alloy through tunable lattice mismatch. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(18):5501–
5505
211
37. Yoshimura M, Byrappa K (2008) Hydrothermal processing of materials: past, present and
future. J Mater Sci 43(7):2085–2103
38. Tang Y, Zhang Y, Deng J et al (2014) Mechanical force-driven growth of elongated bending
TiO 2 -based nanotubular materials for ultrafast rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Adv Mater
26(35):6111–6118
39. Gilroy KD, Ruditskiy A, Peng H et al (2016) Bimetallic nanocrystals: syntheses, properties,
and applications. Chem Rev 116(18):10414–10472
40. Lee H, Yang KD, Yoon SM et al (2015) Concave rhombic dodecahedral Au nanocatalyst with
multiple high-index facets for CO 2 Reduction. ACS Nano 9(8):8384–8393
41. Cai B, Hübner R, Sasaki K et al (2018) Core-shell structuring of pure metallic aerogels towards
highly efficient platinum utilization for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed
57(11):2963–2966
42. Cai B, Sayevich V, Gaponik N et al (2018) Emerging hierarchical aerogels: self-assembly of
metal and semiconductor nanocrystals. Adv Mater 30(33):1707518
43. Hench LL, West JK (1990) The sol-gel process. Chem Rev 90:33–72
44. Sui R, Charpentier P (2012) Synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures by direct sol-gel
chemistry in supercritical fluids. Chem Rev 112(6):3057–3082
45. Herrmann A, Formanek P, Borchardt L et al (2013) Multimetallic aerogels by template-free
self-assembly of Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd nanoparticles. Chem Mater 26(2):1074–1083
46. Liu W, Rodriguez P, Borchardt L et al (2013) Bimetallic aerogels: high-performance
electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 52(37):9849–9852
47. Henning S, Kühn L, Herranz J et al (2017) Effect of acid washing on the oxygen reduction
reaction activity of Pt-Cu aerogel catalysts. Electrochim Acta 233:210–217
48. Liu W, Herrmann A, Bigall NC et al (2015) Noble metal aerogels-synthesis, characterization,
and application as electrocatalysts. Acc Chem Res 48(2):154–162
49. Rodriguez JA, Goodman DW (1992) The nature of the metal-metal bond in bimetallic surfaces.
Science 257:897–903
50. Fang H, Yang J, Wen M et al (2018) Nanoalloy materials for chemical catalysis. Adv Mater
30(17):1705698
51. Zhang N, Shao Q, Xiao X et al (2019) Advanced catalysts derived from compositionsegregated platinum-nickel nanostructures: new opportunities and challenges. Adv Func
Mater 29(13):1808161
52. Lamer VK, Dinegar RH (1950) Theory, production and mechanism of formation of
monodispersed hydrosols. 11(72):4847–4854
53. Duchesne PN, Li ZY, Deming CP et al (2018) Golden single-atomic-site platinum electrocatalysts. Nat Mater 17(11):1033–1039
54. Zhou M, Wang H, Elnabawy AO et al (2019) Facile one-pot synthesis of Pd@Pt 1L octahedra
with enhanced activity and durability toward oxygen reduction. Chem Mater 31(4):1370–1380
55. Lim B, Jiang M, Camargo PH et al (2009) Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites with high activity
for oxygen reduction. Science 324(5932):1302–1305
56. Luo S, Chen W, Cheng Y et al (2019) Trimetallic synergy in intermetallic PtSnBi nanoplates
boosts formic acid oxidation. Adv Mater 1903683
57. Ma T, Wang S, Chen M et al (2019) Toward phase and catalysis control: tracking the formation
of intermetallic nanoparticles at atomic scale. Chem 5(5):1235–1247
58. Wu L, Fournier AP, Willis JJ et al (2018) In situ X-ray scattering guides the synthesis of
uniform PtSn nanocrystals. Nano Lett 18(6):4053–4057
59. Wang D, Peng Q, Li Y (2010) Nanocrystalline intermetallics and alloys. Nano Res 3(8):574–
580
60. Vasquez Y, Sra AK, Schaak RE (2005) One-pot synthesis of hollow superparamagnetic CoPt
nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 127(36):12504–12505
61. Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen B et al (2016) Submonolayered Ru deposited on ultrathin Pd nanosheets
used for enhanced catalytic applications. Adv Mater 28(46):10282–10286
62. Yao Y, He DS, Lin Y et al (2016) Modulating FCC and HCP ruthenium on the surface of
palladium-copper alloy through tunable lattice mismatch. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(18):5501–
5505