4 Catalyst Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
171
151. Nørskov JK, Rossmeisl J, Logadottir A, Lindqvist L, Kitchin JR, Bligaard T, Jonsson H
(2004) Origin of the overpotential for oxygen reduction at a fuel-cell cathode. J Phys Chem
B 108(46):17886–17892
152. Stamenkovic V, Mun BS, Mayrhofer KJ, Ross PN, Markovic NM, Rossmeisl J, Greeley J,
Nørskov JK (2006) Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning
the surface electronic structure. Angew Chem Int Ed 45(18):2897–2901
153. Zhang H, Jin M, Wang J, Li W, Camargo PH, Kim MJ, Yang D, Xie Z, Xia Y (2011) Synthesis
of Pd− Pt bimetallic nanocrystals with a concave structure through a bromide-induced
galvanic replacement reaction. J Am Chem Soc 133(15):6078–6089
154. Zhang J, Sasaki K, Sutter E, Adzic R (2007) Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction
electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 315(5809):220–222
155. Zhang Y, Duan Z, Xiao C, Wang G (2011) Density functional theory calculation of platinum
surface segregation energy in Pt3Ni (111) surface doped with a third transition metal. Surf
Sci 605(15–16):1577–1582
156. Ramírez-Caballero GE, Balbuena PB (2011) Confinement-induced changes in magnetic
behavior of a Ti monolayer on Pt. Chem Phys Lett 507(1–3):117–121
157. Nørskov JK, Bligaard T, Rossmeisl J, Christensen CH (2009) Towards the computational
design of solid catalysts. Nat Chem 1(1):37
158. Lim B, Jiang M, Camargo PH, Cho EC, Tao J, Lu X, Zhu Y, Xia Y (2009) Pd-Pt bimetallic
nanodendrites with high activity for oxygen reduction. Science 324(5932):1302–1305
159. Stamenkovic VR, Fowler B, Mun BS, Wang G, Ross PN, Lucas CA, Markovi´ c NM (2007)
Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni (111) via increased surface site availability.
Science 315(5811):493–497
160. Kitchin JR, Nørskov JK, Barteau MA, Chen J (2004) Role of strain and ligand effects in the
modification of the electronic and chemical properties of bimetallic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett
93(15):156801
161. Strasser P, Koh S, Anniyev T, Greeley J, More K, Yu C, Liu Z, Kaya S, Nordlund D, Ogasawara
H (2010) Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat
Chem 2(6):454
162. Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M, Rudi S, Strasser P (2013) Compositional segregation in shaped
Pt alloy nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. Nat Mater
12(8):765–771
163. Zhang H, Shen PK (2012) Recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel
cells. Chem Rev 112(5):2780–2832
164. Mayrhofer KJ, Arenz M (2009) Fuel cells: log on for new catalysts. Nat Chem 1(7):518
165. Yoo SJ, Hwang SJ, Lee J-G, Lee S-C, Lim T-H, Sung Y-E, Wieckowski A, Kim S-K (2012)
Promoting effects of La for improved oxygen reduction activity and high stability of Pt on
Pt–La alloy electrodes. Energy Environ Sci 5(6):7521–7525
166. Hernandez-Fernandez P, Masini F, McCarthy DN, Strebel CE, Friebel D, Deiana D, Malacrida
P, Nierhoff A, Bodin A, Wise AM (2014) Mass-selected nanoparticles of Pt x Y as model
catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. Nat Chem 6(8):732
167. Sau TK, Rogach AL, Jäckel F, Klar TA, Feldmann J (2010) Properties and applications of
colloidal nonspherical noble metal nanoparticles. Adv Mater 22(16):1805–1825
168. De Marco L, Manca M, Giannuzzi R, Belviso MR, Cozzoli PD, Gigli G (2013) Shapetailored TiO 2 nanocrystals with synergic peculiarities as building blocks for highly efficient
multi-stack dye solar cells. Energy Environ Sci 6(6):1791–1795
169. Tian N, Zhou Z-Y, Sun S-G, Ding Y, Wang ZL (2007) Synthesis of tetrahexahedral
platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity. Science
316(5825):732–735
170. Mazumdar S, Bhattacharyya AJ (2013) Dependence of electron recombination time and light
to electricity conversion efficiency on shape of the nanocrystal light sensitizer. Energy Environ
Sci 6(5):1494–1498
171. Porter NS, Wu H, Quan Z, Fang J (2013) Shape-control and electrocatalytic activityenhancement of Pt-based bimetallic nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res 46(8):1867–1877
171
151. Nørskov JK, Rossmeisl J, Logadottir A, Lindqvist L, Kitchin JR, Bligaard T, Jonsson H
(2004) Origin of the overpotential for oxygen reduction at a fuel-cell cathode. J Phys Chem
B 108(46):17886–17892
152. Stamenkovic V, Mun BS, Mayrhofer KJ, Ross PN, Markovic NM, Rossmeisl J, Greeley J,
Nørskov JK (2006) Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning
the surface electronic structure. Angew Chem Int Ed 45(18):2897–2901
153. Zhang H, Jin M, Wang J, Li W, Camargo PH, Kim MJ, Yang D, Xie Z, Xia Y (2011) Synthesis
of Pd− Pt bimetallic nanocrystals with a concave structure through a bromide-induced
galvanic replacement reaction. J Am Chem Soc 133(15):6078–6089
154. Zhang J, Sasaki K, Sutter E, Adzic R (2007) Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction
electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 315(5809):220–222
155. Zhang Y, Duan Z, Xiao C, Wang G (2011) Density functional theory calculation of platinum
surface segregation energy in Pt3Ni (111) surface doped with a third transition metal. Surf
Sci 605(15–16):1577–1582
156. Ramírez-Caballero GE, Balbuena PB (2011) Confinement-induced changes in magnetic
behavior of a Ti monolayer on Pt. Chem Phys Lett 507(1–3):117–121
157. Nørskov JK, Bligaard T, Rossmeisl J, Christensen CH (2009) Towards the computational
design of solid catalysts. Nat Chem 1(1):37
158. Lim B, Jiang M, Camargo PH, Cho EC, Tao J, Lu X, Zhu Y, Xia Y (2009) Pd-Pt bimetallic
nanodendrites with high activity for oxygen reduction. Science 324(5932):1302–1305
159. Stamenkovic VR, Fowler B, Mun BS, Wang G, Ross PN, Lucas CA, Markovi´ c NM (2007)
Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni (111) via increased surface site availability.
Science 315(5811):493–497
160. Kitchin JR, Nørskov JK, Barteau MA, Chen J (2004) Role of strain and ligand effects in the
modification of the electronic and chemical properties of bimetallic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett
93(15):156801
161. Strasser P, Koh S, Anniyev T, Greeley J, More K, Yu C, Liu Z, Kaya S, Nordlund D, Ogasawara
H (2010) Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat
Chem 2(6):454
162. Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M, Rudi S, Strasser P (2013) Compositional segregation in shaped
Pt alloy nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. Nat Mater
12(8):765–771
163. Zhang H, Shen PK (2012) Recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel
cells. Chem Rev 112(5):2780–2832
164. Mayrhofer KJ, Arenz M (2009) Fuel cells: log on for new catalysts. Nat Chem 1(7):518
165. Yoo SJ, Hwang SJ, Lee J-G, Lee S-C, Lim T-H, Sung Y-E, Wieckowski A, Kim S-K (2012)
Promoting effects of La for improved oxygen reduction activity and high stability of Pt on
Pt–La alloy electrodes. Energy Environ Sci 5(6):7521–7525
166. Hernandez-Fernandez P, Masini F, McCarthy DN, Strebel CE, Friebel D, Deiana D, Malacrida
P, Nierhoff A, Bodin A, Wise AM (2014) Mass-selected nanoparticles of Pt x Y as model
catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. Nat Chem 6(8):732
167. Sau TK, Rogach AL, Jäckel F, Klar TA, Feldmann J (2010) Properties and applications of
colloidal nonspherical noble metal nanoparticles. Adv Mater 22(16):1805–1825
168. De Marco L, Manca M, Giannuzzi R, Belviso MR, Cozzoli PD, Gigli G (2013) Shapetailored TiO 2 nanocrystals with synergic peculiarities as building blocks for highly efficient
multi-stack dye solar cells. Energy Environ Sci 6(6):1791–1795
169. Tian N, Zhou Z-Y, Sun S-G, Ding Y, Wang ZL (2007) Synthesis of tetrahexahedral
platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity. Science
316(5825):732–735
170. Mazumdar S, Bhattacharyya AJ (2013) Dependence of electron recombination time and light
to electricity conversion efficiency on shape of the nanocrystal light sensitizer. Energy Environ
Sci 6(5):1494–1498
171. Porter NS, Wu H, Quan Z, Fang J (2013) Shape-control and electrocatalytic activityenhancement of Pt-based bimetallic nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res 46(8):1867–1877