108
Y. Li et al.
Fig. 4.15 a Comparison of ORR performance of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y, and Pt/C catalysts in 0.1 M HClO 4 .
b Comparison of ORR performance of Pt 3 Sc and Pt 3 Y catalysts before and after the 90-min ORR
cycle test. (C) Tafel curve of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y and Pt/C catalyst. (D) Comparison of ORR specific activity
of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y and Pt/C catalysts [132]. Reprinted with permission. [132] Copyright (2009) Springer
4.2.3 Pt-Based Nanostructured ORR Catalyst
The development of nanotechnology and the preparation of controllable morphology
of nanomaterials have attracted more and more researchers’ interest. This is because
the morphology of nanomaterials has a great influence on its performance, even
a decisive influence, especially the adjustment of its catalytic, optical, electronic,
and magnetic properties can greatly expand the application of nanomaterials in
devices, sensors, thermals, and catalysis [167–170]. For Pt-based ORR catalysts,
their morphology also has a very large effect on their ORR performance [171].
For metals with a fcc structure such as Pt, their nanocrystalline morphology and
their surface structure are very similar. Polyhedral single crystals, such as octahedron
and rhombic dodecahedron, consist of three base crystal planes {111}, {100}, and
{110} at the nodes. With three different surfaces with a high crystal plane index,
such as {hk0}, {hkk}, and {hhl} crystal planes (h = k = l = 0), the polyhedrons that
are the boundary are on the three sides of the triangle. A polyhedron consisting of
{hkl} (h = k = l) crystal planes is inside the triangle. Successfully synthesized single
crystal polyhedrons with fcc structures include tetrahexahedron (THH) [169, 172,
173], concave cubes [174], and truncated complex square prisms [175, 176] which
consist of {hk0} planes, trisoctahedron [177] composed of {hhl} faces, octapod [178]
composed of {hkk} crystal faces, and Concave hexoctahedron [179] composed of
{hkl} crystals. The appearance of twin boundaries greatly enriched the morphology
Y. Li et al.
Fig. 4.15 a Comparison of ORR performance of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y, and Pt/C catalysts in 0.1 M HClO 4 .
b Comparison of ORR performance of Pt 3 Sc and Pt 3 Y catalysts before and after the 90-min ORR
cycle test. (C) Tafel curve of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y and Pt/C catalyst. (D) Comparison of ORR specific activity
of Pt 3 Sc, Pt 3 Y and Pt/C catalysts [132]. Reprinted with permission. [132] Copyright (2009) Springer
4.2.3 Pt-Based Nanostructured ORR Catalyst
The development of nanotechnology and the preparation of controllable morphology
of nanomaterials have attracted more and more researchers’ interest. This is because
the morphology of nanomaterials has a great influence on its performance, even
a decisive influence, especially the adjustment of its catalytic, optical, electronic,
and magnetic properties can greatly expand the application of nanomaterials in
devices, sensors, thermals, and catalysis [167–170]. For Pt-based ORR catalysts,
their morphology also has a very large effect on their ORR performance [171].
For metals with a fcc structure such as Pt, their nanocrystalline morphology and
their surface structure are very similar. Polyhedral single crystals, such as octahedron
and rhombic dodecahedron, consist of three base crystal planes {111}, {100}, and
{110} at the nodes. With three different surfaces with a high crystal plane index,
such as {hk0}, {hkk}, and {hhl} crystal planes (h = k = l = 0), the polyhedrons that
are the boundary are on the three sides of the triangle. A polyhedron consisting of
{hkl} (h = k = l) crystal planes is inside the triangle. Successfully synthesized single
crystal polyhedrons with fcc structures include tetrahexahedron (THH) [169, 172,
173], concave cubes [174], and truncated complex square prisms [175, 176] which
consist of {hk0} planes, trisoctahedron [177] composed of {hhl} faces, octapod [178]
composed of {hkk} crystal faces, and Concave hexoctahedron [179] composed of
{hkl} crystals. The appearance of twin boundaries greatly enriched the morphology