1 Historical Developments and Future Perspectives …
39
micro-anvils (10–50 μm), the static pressure limits of these cells approach the TPa
range [122].
The typical size of samples in the double-stage DAC is about few microns
(Fig. 1.16). In order to study a system under reasonably homogeneous-pressure conditions, the size of the synchrotron radiation beam should be on the (sub-) micron
scale. This is not yet available at present nuclear resonance beamlines, but should be
enabled by coming Extremely Brilliant Sources of synchrotron radiation.
Furthermore, the sub-micron beam size will greatly improve the quality of highpressure and high-temperature experiments with laser heating, allowing one to focus
the probe beam on the centre of the most heated spot of the sample. With such a beam,
the available pressure and temperature range will entirely cover the conditions of the
Earth interior, and will open access to studies of matter under conditions of SuperEarth planets interiors.
1.7.1.2 Magnetism
The intrinsic sensitivity of Nuclear Resonance Scattering to the value and direction
of magnetic hyperfine fields, combined with a small beam size, allows for imaging
of magnetic structures. One of the most impressive example of such studies is the
imaging of the spin structure of a magnetic spring [123].
Utilizing the probe layer technique, i.e., inserting
57 Fe in various depths of the thin
iron film (see Fig. 1.17 right panel), NRS directly probes the actual spin structure in
various depths by selectively exciting the
57 Fe layer at various lateral positions. The
sample investigated here is a bilayer system consisting of 11 nm Fe on 30 nm Fe 55 Pt 45
in the hard-magnetic tetragonal L1 0 phase. A wedge-shaped 0.7 nm thick
57 Fe film
with a slope of 0.5 nm/mm has been produced. Different depths D in the sample can
thus be probed by adjusting the displacement Δx of the sample transversely to the
incident beam [123]. Evaluation of the spectra reveals the depth dependence of the
rotation of the magnetization in the iron film with atomic resolution (Fig. 1.17 left
panel).
Improving the beam size to the sub-micron scale will enable magnetic imaging of more numerous systems like magnetic domains and domain walls, vortexes, skyrmions, etc. In this sense, the abilities of nuclear resonance scattering will
approach the resolution of magnetic imaging with tunnelling microscopy (Fig. 1.18),
with the additional option of imaging the chemical and oxidation states of systems. Furthermore, this approach will enable imaging under external stimuli such
as extreme temperature and pressure conditions and external electric/magnetic fields
and give access to burried and interface layers, not easily accessible by other methods.
39
micro-anvils (10–50 μm), the static pressure limits of these cells approach the TPa
range [122].
The typical size of samples in the double-stage DAC is about few microns
(Fig. 1.16). In order to study a system under reasonably homogeneous-pressure conditions, the size of the synchrotron radiation beam should be on the (sub-) micron
scale. This is not yet available at present nuclear resonance beamlines, but should be
enabled by coming Extremely Brilliant Sources of synchrotron radiation.
Furthermore, the sub-micron beam size will greatly improve the quality of highpressure and high-temperature experiments with laser heating, allowing one to focus
the probe beam on the centre of the most heated spot of the sample. With such a beam,
the available pressure and temperature range will entirely cover the conditions of the
Earth interior, and will open access to studies of matter under conditions of SuperEarth planets interiors.
1.7.1.2 Magnetism
The intrinsic sensitivity of Nuclear Resonance Scattering to the value and direction
of magnetic hyperfine fields, combined with a small beam size, allows for imaging
of magnetic structures. One of the most impressive example of such studies is the
imaging of the spin structure of a magnetic spring [123].
Utilizing the probe layer technique, i.e., inserting
57 Fe in various depths of the thin
iron film (see Fig. 1.17 right panel), NRS directly probes the actual spin structure in
various depths by selectively exciting the
57 Fe layer at various lateral positions. The
sample investigated here is a bilayer system consisting of 11 nm Fe on 30 nm Fe 55 Pt 45
in the hard-magnetic tetragonal L1 0 phase. A wedge-shaped 0.7 nm thick
57 Fe film
with a slope of 0.5 nm/mm has been produced. Different depths D in the sample can
thus be probed by adjusting the displacement Δx of the sample transversely to the
incident beam [123]. Evaluation of the spectra reveals the depth dependence of the
rotation of the magnetization in the iron film with atomic resolution (Fig. 1.17 left
panel).
Improving the beam size to the sub-micron scale will enable magnetic imaging of more numerous systems like magnetic domains and domain walls, vortexes, skyrmions, etc. In this sense, the abilities of nuclear resonance scattering will
approach the resolution of magnetic imaging with tunnelling microscopy (Fig. 1.18),
with the additional option of imaging the chemical and oxidation states of systems. Furthermore, this approach will enable imaging under external stimuli such
as extreme temperature and pressure conditions and external electric/magnetic fields
and give access to burried and interface layers, not easily accessible by other methods.