2 Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Energy-Domain Mössbauer …
61
2.2.1 Special Features
This method was originally proposed in 1974 [12] and thus is the oldest method of
Mössbauer spectroscopy using SR. However, it was developed in 2009 [7] after the
development of other methods, such as the synchrotron Mössbauer source (SMS)
[13] and nuclear forward scattering (NFS) [14]. The comparison of these methods
is mentioned in a later section. Here, we focus on the properties of SR-based Mössbauer spectroscopy. First, as already described, this method is suitable for Mössbauer
measurement using various isotopes, especially those with a relatively short half-life
of a few nanoseconds. As shown in Fig. 2.2, many isotopes show their half-life in
this range. Although iron and tin are present in various materials, new diverse frontier materials are also composed of many elements. Hence, Mössbauer spectroscopy
with these isotopes plays a critical role in elucidating the electronic states of their
composition elements. For example, isotope selectivity has yielded unique information on samples in monoatomic position resolution in
57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy
[15]. This property has become more important to understand the mechanism of
the novel function of frontier materials if it is applied to various resonant isotopes.
Until now, SR-based Mössbauer spectroscopy of
40 K [17],
61 Ni [18],
73 Ge [7],
119 Sn
[19],
125 Te [20],
127 I,
149 Sm [21],
151 Eu [22],
174 Yb [8], and
189 Os [23] has already
been performed. This multi-isotope property is due to the whiteness of SR in the
energy domain and the measurement mechanism of this method, described in the
following section. Second, this method is suitable for tiny sample amounts, often
seen in the frontier materials, such as nanoparticles and thin films, and materials
under extreme conditions, such as low temperature, high pressure, and gas environment for an in situ experiment, which is due to the high brilliance of SR. Third,
Fig. 2.2 Energy and half-life of potential Mössbauer isotopes
61
2.2.1 Special Features
This method was originally proposed in 1974 [12] and thus is the oldest method of
Mössbauer spectroscopy using SR. However, it was developed in 2009 [7] after the
development of other methods, such as the synchrotron Mössbauer source (SMS)
[13] and nuclear forward scattering (NFS) [14]. The comparison of these methods
is mentioned in a later section. Here, we focus on the properties of SR-based Mössbauer spectroscopy. First, as already described, this method is suitable for Mössbauer
measurement using various isotopes, especially those with a relatively short half-life
of a few nanoseconds. As shown in Fig. 2.2, many isotopes show their half-life in
this range. Although iron and tin are present in various materials, new diverse frontier materials are also composed of many elements. Hence, Mössbauer spectroscopy
with these isotopes plays a critical role in elucidating the electronic states of their
composition elements. For example, isotope selectivity has yielded unique information on samples in monoatomic position resolution in
57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy
[15]. This property has become more important to understand the mechanism of
the novel function of frontier materials if it is applied to various resonant isotopes.
Until now, SR-based Mössbauer spectroscopy of
40 K [17],
61 Ni [18],
73 Ge [7],
119 Sn
[19],
125 Te [20],
127 I,
149 Sm [21],
151 Eu [22],
174 Yb [8], and
189 Os [23] has already
been performed. This multi-isotope property is due to the whiteness of SR in the
energy domain and the measurement mechanism of this method, described in the
following section. Second, this method is suitable for tiny sample amounts, often
seen in the frontier materials, such as nanoparticles and thin films, and materials
under extreme conditions, such as low temperature, high pressure, and gas environment for an in situ experiment, which is due to the high brilliance of SR. Third,
Fig. 2.2 Energy and half-life of potential Mössbauer isotopes