12
M. D. Martínez-Rodrigo et al.
no contribution of the torsion mode at those locations. The numerical model tends to
overestimate the real response close to the bridge natural frequency.
• The transmission of vibrations from the loaded deck to the unloaded deck is relevant.
This may be caused by the continuous ballast layer but also by the shared foundations
of the two decks. In the authors’ opinion this effect is not well known and should be
investigated using a 3D model of the complete bridge.
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided
by the Spanish Ministries of Economy and Competitiveness and of Science and Innovation
under research projects BIA2016-75042-C2 and PID2019-109622RB; US-126491 funded by
the FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 Operational Program; Generalitat Valenciana under research
project [AICO2019/175] and the Andalusian Scientific Computing Centre (CICA).
References
1. CEN EN-1990, Eurocode: Basis of structural design. Annex 2: Application for bridges (2002)
2. ERRI D214: Rail bridges for speeds > 200 km/h. final report. Part a. Synthesis of the results
of d 214 research. European Rail Research Institute (1999)
3. Hoorpah, W.: Dynamic Calculations of High-Speed Railway Bridges in France – Some Case
Studies Dynamics of High-Speed Railway Bridges. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2008)
4. Zacher, M., Baeßler, M.: Dynamic Behaviour of Ballast on Railway Bridges. Dynamics of
High-Speed Railway Bridges. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2008)
5. Zhai, W., Han, Z., Chen, Z., Ling, L., Zhu, S.: Train-track-bridge dynamic interaction: a
state-of-the-art review. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 7, 984–1027 (2019)
6. Rigueiro, C., Rebelo, C., da Silva, L.S.: Influence of ballast models in the dynamic response
of railway viaducts. J. Sound Vib. 329, 3030–3040 (2010)
7. Liu, K., Lombaert, G., De Roeck, G.: Dynamic analysis of multispan viaducts with weak
coupling between adjacent spans. J. Bridge Eng. ASCE 19(1), 83–90 (2014)
8. Rebelo, C., da Silva, L.S., Rigueiro, C., Pircher, M.: Dynamic behaviour of twin single-span
ballasted railway viaducts. Field measurements and modal identification. Eng. Struct. 30,
2460–2469 (2008)
9. Zhai, W., Wang, K., Lin, J.: Modelling and experiment of railway ballast vibrations. J. Sound
Vib. 270, 673–683 (2004)
10. Kouroussis, G., Connolly, D.P., Alexandrou, G., Vogiatzis, K.: The effect of railway local
irregularities on ground vibration. Transp. Res. Part D 39, 17–30 (2015)
11. Sun, Y.Q., Dhanasekar, M.: Influence of the railway track parameters to the vertical and lateral
impact. In: Conference on Railway Engineering, Wollongong (2002)
12. Jesús, A.H., Dimitrovová, Z., Silva, M.A.G.: A statistical analysis of the dynamic response
of a railway viaduct. Eng. Struct. 71, 244–259 (2014)
13. Naemi, M., Zakeri, J.A., Esmaeili, M., Mehrali, M.: Dynamic response of sleepers in a track
with uneven rail irregularities using a 3D vehicle–track model with sleeper beams. Arch.
Appl. Mech. 85, 1679–1699 (2015)
14. Lombaert, G., Degrande, G., Kogut, J., François, S.: The experimental validation of a numerical model for the prediction of railway induced vibrations. J. Sound Vib. 297, 512–535
(2006)
M. D. Martínez-Rodrigo et al.
no contribution of the torsion mode at those locations. The numerical model tends to
overestimate the real response close to the bridge natural frequency.
• The transmission of vibrations from the loaded deck to the unloaded deck is relevant.
This may be caused by the continuous ballast layer but also by the shared foundations
of the two decks. In the authors’ opinion this effect is not well known and should be
investigated using a 3D model of the complete bridge.
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided
by the Spanish Ministries of Economy and Competitiveness and of Science and Innovation
under research projects BIA2016-75042-C2 and PID2019-109622RB; US-126491 funded by
the FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 Operational Program; Generalitat Valenciana under research
project [AICO2019/175] and the Andalusian Scientific Computing Centre (CICA).
References
1. CEN EN-1990, Eurocode: Basis of structural design. Annex 2: Application for bridges (2002)
2. ERRI D214: Rail bridges for speeds > 200 km/h. final report. Part a. Synthesis of the results
of d 214 research. European Rail Research Institute (1999)
3. Hoorpah, W.: Dynamic Calculations of High-Speed Railway Bridges in France – Some Case
Studies Dynamics of High-Speed Railway Bridges. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2008)
4. Zacher, M., Baeßler, M.: Dynamic Behaviour of Ballast on Railway Bridges. Dynamics of
High-Speed Railway Bridges. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2008)
5. Zhai, W., Han, Z., Chen, Z., Ling, L., Zhu, S.: Train-track-bridge dynamic interaction: a
state-of-the-art review. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 7, 984–1027 (2019)
6. Rigueiro, C., Rebelo, C., da Silva, L.S.: Influence of ballast models in the dynamic response
of railway viaducts. J. Sound Vib. 329, 3030–3040 (2010)
7. Liu, K., Lombaert, G., De Roeck, G.: Dynamic analysis of multispan viaducts with weak
coupling between adjacent spans. J. Bridge Eng. ASCE 19(1), 83–90 (2014)
8. Rebelo, C., da Silva, L.S., Rigueiro, C., Pircher, M.: Dynamic behaviour of twin single-span
ballasted railway viaducts. Field measurements and modal identification. Eng. Struct. 30,
2460–2469 (2008)
9. Zhai, W., Wang, K., Lin, J.: Modelling and experiment of railway ballast vibrations. J. Sound
Vib. 270, 673–683 (2004)
10. Kouroussis, G., Connolly, D.P., Alexandrou, G., Vogiatzis, K.: The effect of railway local
irregularities on ground vibration. Transp. Res. Part D 39, 17–30 (2015)
11. Sun, Y.Q., Dhanasekar, M.: Influence of the railway track parameters to the vertical and lateral
impact. In: Conference on Railway Engineering, Wollongong (2002)
12. Jesús, A.H., Dimitrovová, Z., Silva, M.A.G.: A statistical analysis of the dynamic response
of a railway viaduct. Eng. Struct. 71, 244–259 (2014)
13. Naemi, M., Zakeri, J.A., Esmaeili, M., Mehrali, M.: Dynamic response of sleepers in a track
with uneven rail irregularities using a 3D vehicle–track model with sleeper beams. Arch.
Appl. Mech. 85, 1679–1699 (2015)
14. Lombaert, G., Degrande, G., Kogut, J., François, S.: The experimental validation of a numerical model for the prediction of railway induced vibrations. J. Sound Vib. 297, 512–535
(2006)