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W. Li et al.
2.3 HAZOP-LOPA
HAZOP and LOPA are related with each other in many aspects: (1) the serious accident
scenario screened by HAZOP analysis is the basis for LOPA analysis [9, 10]; (2) the consequences and corresponding severity caused by deviation in the analysis of HAZOP
provide important reference for LOPA analysis; (3) the causes of deviation and their
occurrence frequencies in the analysis of HAZOP offer direct information for the initial
events and their occurrence frequencies in LOPA analysis; (4) the safety measures determined by HAZOP analysis offer basis for the identification of independent protective
layers (IPLs) and their protective effects [11–13]. The relationship between HAZOP and
LOPA analysis is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that LOPA analysis is the inheritance
and development of HAZOP analysis, which further quantifies HAZOP’ results [14].
The combination of HAZOP and LOPA can overcome the deficiencies of HAZOP
analysis and determine the SIL level of safety instrumented system. Moreover, the
deviation from HAZOP can be agreed upon through the LOPA analysis, deepening
the understanding of the evaluators and making the suggestions more scientific and
targeted [15].
Fig. 3. Diagram of relation between HAZOP and LOPA
W. Li et al.
2.3 HAZOP-LOPA
HAZOP and LOPA are related with each other in many aspects: (1) the serious accident
scenario screened by HAZOP analysis is the basis for LOPA analysis [9, 10]; (2) the consequences and corresponding severity caused by deviation in the analysis of HAZOP
provide important reference for LOPA analysis; (3) the causes of deviation and their
occurrence frequencies in the analysis of HAZOP offer direct information for the initial
events and their occurrence frequencies in LOPA analysis; (4) the safety measures determined by HAZOP analysis offer basis for the identification of independent protective
layers (IPLs) and their protective effects [11–13]. The relationship between HAZOP and
LOPA analysis is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that LOPA analysis is the inheritance
and development of HAZOP analysis, which further quantifies HAZOP’ results [14].
The combination of HAZOP and LOPA can overcome the deficiencies of HAZOP
analysis and determine the SIL level of safety instrumented system. Moreover, the
deviation from HAZOP can be agreed upon through the LOPA analysis, deepening
the understanding of the evaluators and making the suggestions more scientific and
targeted [15].
Fig. 3. Diagram of relation between HAZOP and LOPA