Acknowledgments D.D.D. thanks the University of Regensburg (Germany) and the University of
La Laguna (Spain) for financial support and the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
(Spain) for the Senior “Beatriz Galindo” Distinguished Researcher Award.
References
1. Struzyna LA, Katiyar K, Cullen DK (2014) Living scaffolds for neuroregeneration. Curr Opin
Solid State Mater Sci 18:308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2014.07.004
2. Anderson MA, O’Shea TM, Burda JE, Ao Y, Barlatey SL, Bernstein AM et al (2018) Required
growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury. Nature
561:396–400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0467-6
3. Carballo-Molina OA, Velasco I (2015) Hydrogels as scaffolds and delivery systems to enhance
axonal regeneration after injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 9:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.
2015.00013
4. Niemczyk B, Sajkiewicz PŁ, Kolbuk D (2018) Injectable hydrogels as novel materials for
central nervous system regeneration. J Neural Eng 15:51002. https://doi.org/10.1088/17412552/aacbab
5. Orive G, Anitua E, Pedraz JL, Emerich DF (2009) Biomaterials for promoting brain protection,
repair and regeneration. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:682–692. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2685
6. Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A (2017) Advances in engineering hydrogels. Science 356:
eaaf3627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3627
7. Peppas N (2006) Hydrogels in biology and medicine: from molecular principles to
bionanotechnology. Adv Mater 18:1345–1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501612
8. Xiaowi L, Eleni K, Xiaoyan L, Ning Z, Xuejun W (2012) Engineering neural stem cell fates
with hydrogel design for central nervous system regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 37:1105–1129.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.004
9. Hubert T, Grimal S, Carroll P, Fichard-Carroll A (2009) Collagens in the developing and
diseased nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:1223–1238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018008-8561-9
10. Phillips JB, Bunting SC, Hall SM, Brown RA (2005) Neural tissue engineering: a selforganizing collagen guidance conduit. Tissue Eng 11:1611–1617. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.
2005.11.1611
11. Hemshekhar MM, Thushara R, Chandranayaka S, Sherman L, Kemparaju K, Girish K (2016)
Emerging roles of hyaluronic acid bioscaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Int J Biol Macromol 86:917–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.032
12. Bhang S, Lee T, Lim J, Han A, Cho C (2009) The effect of the controlled release of nerve
growth factor from collagen gel on the efficiency of neural cell culture. Biomaterials
30:126–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2008.09.021
13. Xu T, Molnar P, Gregory C, Das M, Boland T, Hickman J (2009) Biomaterials 30:4377–4383.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2009.04.047
14. Reetz J, Hildebrandt S, Schmidt A, Meier C, Herchenroder O et al (2016) Novel subventricular
zone early progenitor cell-specific adenovirus for in vivo therapy of central nervous system
disorders reinforces brain stem cell heterogeneity. Brain Struct Funct 221:2049–2059. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1025-8
15. Pettikiriarachchi JTS, Parish CL, Shoichet MS, Forsythe JS, Nisbet DR (2010) Biomaterials for
brain tissue engineering. Aust J Chem 63:1143–1154. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH10159
16. Protasoni M, Sangiorgi S, Cividini A, Culuvaris GT, Tomei G, Dell’Orbo C, Raspanti M,
Balbi S, Reguzzoni M (2011) The collagenic architecture of human dura mater. J Neurosurg
114:1723–1730. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.12.JNS101732
376
R. de la Cruz and D. D. Díaz
La Laguna (Spain) for financial support and the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
(Spain) for the Senior “Beatriz Galindo” Distinguished Researcher Award.
References
1. Struzyna LA, Katiyar K, Cullen DK (2014) Living scaffolds for neuroregeneration. Curr Opin
Solid State Mater Sci 18:308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2014.07.004
2. Anderson MA, O’Shea TM, Burda JE, Ao Y, Barlatey SL, Bernstein AM et al (2018) Required
growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury. Nature
561:396–400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0467-6
3. Carballo-Molina OA, Velasco I (2015) Hydrogels as scaffolds and delivery systems to enhance
axonal regeneration after injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 9:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.
2015.00013
4. Niemczyk B, Sajkiewicz PŁ, Kolbuk D (2018) Injectable hydrogels as novel materials for
central nervous system regeneration. J Neural Eng 15:51002. https://doi.org/10.1088/17412552/aacbab
5. Orive G, Anitua E, Pedraz JL, Emerich DF (2009) Biomaterials for promoting brain protection,
repair and regeneration. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:682–692. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2685
6. Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A (2017) Advances in engineering hydrogels. Science 356:
eaaf3627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3627
7. Peppas N (2006) Hydrogels in biology and medicine: from molecular principles to
bionanotechnology. Adv Mater 18:1345–1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501612
8. Xiaowi L, Eleni K, Xiaoyan L, Ning Z, Xuejun W (2012) Engineering neural stem cell fates
with hydrogel design for central nervous system regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 37:1105–1129.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.004
9. Hubert T, Grimal S, Carroll P, Fichard-Carroll A (2009) Collagens in the developing and
diseased nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:1223–1238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018008-8561-9
10. Phillips JB, Bunting SC, Hall SM, Brown RA (2005) Neural tissue engineering: a selforganizing collagen guidance conduit. Tissue Eng 11:1611–1617. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.
2005.11.1611
11. Hemshekhar MM, Thushara R, Chandranayaka S, Sherman L, Kemparaju K, Girish K (2016)
Emerging roles of hyaluronic acid bioscaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Int J Biol Macromol 86:917–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.032
12. Bhang S, Lee T, Lim J, Han A, Cho C (2009) The effect of the controlled release of nerve
growth factor from collagen gel on the efficiency of neural cell culture. Biomaterials
30:126–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2008.09.021
13. Xu T, Molnar P, Gregory C, Das M, Boland T, Hickman J (2009) Biomaterials 30:4377–4383.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2009.04.047
14. Reetz J, Hildebrandt S, Schmidt A, Meier C, Herchenroder O et al (2016) Novel subventricular
zone early progenitor cell-specific adenovirus for in vivo therapy of central nervous system
disorders reinforces brain stem cell heterogeneity. Brain Struct Funct 221:2049–2059. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1025-8
15. Pettikiriarachchi JTS, Parish CL, Shoichet MS, Forsythe JS, Nisbet DR (2010) Biomaterials for
brain tissue engineering. Aust J Chem 63:1143–1154. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH10159
16. Protasoni M, Sangiorgi S, Cividini A, Culuvaris GT, Tomei G, Dell’Orbo C, Raspanti M,
Balbi S, Reguzzoni M (2011) The collagenic architecture of human dura mater. J Neurosurg
114:1723–1730. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.12.JNS101732
376
R. de la Cruz and D. D. Díaz