8 Flowsheet Simulation of Integrated Precipitation Processes
289
Table 2 Reactions considered for the aqueous preparation of precursors for Cu/ZnO methanol
catalysts
Reaction
K
Log 10 K References
Cu(OH) 2 Cu 2+ + 2OH −
K SP,1 −19.33
[25]
Cu 2 (NO 3 )(OH) 3 2Cu 2+ + NO
−
3 + 3OH −
K SP,2 −32.274 [27]
Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 2Cu 2+ + CO
−
3 + 2OH −
K SP,3 −33.16
[25]
Cu 1.4 Zn 0.6 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 1.4Cu 2+ + 0.6Zn + CO
−
3 + 2OH − K SP,4 −36.4
[28]
Zn 2+ + 2OH − Zn(OH) 2
K SP,5 −16.77
[26]
H + + OH − H 2 O
K W
14
[25]
Cu 2+ + 2O H − Cu(O H) 2
K 1
11.8
[25]
Cu 2+ + 3OH − Cu(OH)
−
3
K 2
15.34
[25]
2Cu 2+ + 2OH − Cu 2 (OH)
2+
2
K 3
17.57
[25]
3Cu 2+ + 4OH − Cu 3 (OH)
2+
4
K 4
34.9
[25]
Cu 2+ + CO
2−
3 CuCO 3
K 5
6.75
[25]
Cu 2+ + H + + CO
2−
3 CuHCO
+
3
K 6
12.169 [27]
Cu 2+ + 2CO
2−
3 Cu(CO 3 )
2−
2
K 7
10.3
[27]
Cu 2+ + No
−
3 Cu(NO 3 )
+
K 8
0.5
[27]
H + + CO
2−
3 HCO
−
3
K 9
10.329
[27]
2H + + CO
2−
3 H 2 CO 3
K 10
16.681 [27]
α =
⎛
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎝
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 −1 1
1 0 0 0 −2 2
1 0 0 0 −3 3
2 0 0 0 −2 2
3 0 0 0 −4 4
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 2 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 2 0
⎞
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎠
Cu
2+
NO
−
3
Na
+
CO
2−
3
H
+
H 2 O
OH
−
Cu(OH) 2
Cu(OH)
−
3
Cu 2 (OH)
2+
2
Cu 3 (OH)
2+
4
Cu(CO 3 )
CuHCO
+
3
Cu(CO 3 )
2−
2
Cu(NO 3 )
+
HCO
−
3
H 2 CO 3
(51)