3.4 Tea Time Break: Similarities of Biological Systems to the Flow Assurance …
77
problem in oil and natural gas pipelines: oil and gas supersaturated with water do
not always form hydrate plugs.
Is it possible that either nucleation or crystal growth inhibitors naturally exist in
healthy people, which, for some reason, become depleted in gallstone patients?
References
1. E.D. Sloan, C.A. Koh, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, 3rd edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton,
2008)
2. Y.F. Makogon, Hydrates of Natural Gas (Penn Well Books, Tulsa, 1981)
3. Y.F. Makogon, Hydrates of Hydrocarbons (Tulsa, Penwell, 1997)
4. L. del Rosso, M. Celli, L. Ulivi, New porous water ice metastable at atmospheric pressure
obtained by emptying a hydrogen-filled ice. Nat. Commun. 7, 13394 (2016)
5. T. Bartels-Rausch, V. Bergeron, J.H.E. Cartwright, R. Escribano, J.L. Finney, H. Grothe, P.J.
Gutierrez, J. Haapala, W.F. Kuhs, J.B.C. Pettersson, S.D. Price, C. Ignacio Sainz-Diaz, D.J.
Stokes, G. Strazzulla, E.S. Thomson, H. Trinks, N. Uras-Aytemiz, Ice structures, patterns, and
processes: a view across the icefields. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 885–944 (2012)
6. D.W. Davidson, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, J.R. Dahn, F. Lee, L.D.
Calvert, Crystallographic studies of clathrate hydrates 1. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 141, 141–149
(1986)
7. D.W. Davidson, S.R. Gough, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, Some
structural studies of clathrate hydrates. Journal De Physique 48, 537–542 (1987)
8. D.W. Davidson, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.S. Tse, B.M. Powell, The ability of small molecules
to form clathrate hydrates of structure-II. Nature 311, 142–143 (1984)
9. J.A. Ripmeester, D.W. Davidson, Some new clathrate hydrates. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 43,
189–195 (1977)
10. J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, C.I. Ratcliffe, B.M. Powell, A new clathrate hydrate structure. Nature
325, 135–136 (1987)
11. J.S. Tse, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, B.M. Powell, Structure of oxygen clathrate hydrate by
neutron powder diffraction. J. Incl. Phenom. 4, 235–240 (1986)
12. J.A. Ripmeester, C.I. Ratcliffe, D.D. Klug, J.S. Tse, Molecular perspectives on structure and
dynamics in clathrate hydrates, in International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates, ed. by
E.D. Sloan, J. Happel, M.A. Hnatow (1994), pp. 161–176
13. J.A. Ripmeester, S. Alavi, Some current challenges in clathrate hydrate science: nucleation,
decomposition and the memory effect. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 20, 344–351 (2016)
14. Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, Structural transition in mixed hydrates of
xenon and krypton as a function of gas-composition. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 4363–4365 (1990)
15. S. Subramanian, A.L. Ballard, R.A. Kini, S.F. Dec, E.D. Sloan, Structural transitions in methane
plus ethane gas hydrates—Part I: upper transition point and applications. Chem. Eng. Sci. 55,
5763–5771 (2000)
16. W.F. Waite, L.Y. Gilbert, W.J. Winters, D.H. Mason, Estimating thermal diffusivity and specific
heat from needle probe thermal conductivity data. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 (2006)
17. W.F. Waite, L.A. Stern, S.H. Kirby, W.J. Winters, D.H. Mason, Simultaneous determination of
thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat in sI methane hydrate. Geophys. J.
Int. 169, 767–774 (2007)
18. D.W. Davidson, M.A. Desando, S.R. Gough, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S.
Tse, Some physical and thermo-physical properties of clathrate hydrates. J. Incl. Phenom. 5,
219–223 (1987)
19. Y.P. Handa, Compositions, enthalpies of dissociation, and heat-capacities in the range 85-K to
270-K for Clathrate hydrates of methane, ethane, and propane, and enthalpy of dissociation of
77
problem in oil and natural gas pipelines: oil and gas supersaturated with water do
not always form hydrate plugs.
Is it possible that either nucleation or crystal growth inhibitors naturally exist in
healthy people, which, for some reason, become depleted in gallstone patients?
References
1. E.D. Sloan, C.A. Koh, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, 3rd edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton,
2008)
2. Y.F. Makogon, Hydrates of Natural Gas (Penn Well Books, Tulsa, 1981)
3. Y.F. Makogon, Hydrates of Hydrocarbons (Tulsa, Penwell, 1997)
4. L. del Rosso, M. Celli, L. Ulivi, New porous water ice metastable at atmospheric pressure
obtained by emptying a hydrogen-filled ice. Nat. Commun. 7, 13394 (2016)
5. T. Bartels-Rausch, V. Bergeron, J.H.E. Cartwright, R. Escribano, J.L. Finney, H. Grothe, P.J.
Gutierrez, J. Haapala, W.F. Kuhs, J.B.C. Pettersson, S.D. Price, C. Ignacio Sainz-Diaz, D.J.
Stokes, G. Strazzulla, E.S. Thomson, H. Trinks, N. Uras-Aytemiz, Ice structures, patterns, and
processes: a view across the icefields. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 885–944 (2012)
6. D.W. Davidson, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, J.R. Dahn, F. Lee, L.D.
Calvert, Crystallographic studies of clathrate hydrates 1. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 141, 141–149
(1986)
7. D.W. Davidson, S.R. Gough, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, Some
structural studies of clathrate hydrates. Journal De Physique 48, 537–542 (1987)
8. D.W. Davidson, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.S. Tse, B.M. Powell, The ability of small molecules
to form clathrate hydrates of structure-II. Nature 311, 142–143 (1984)
9. J.A. Ripmeester, D.W. Davidson, Some new clathrate hydrates. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 43,
189–195 (1977)
10. J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, C.I. Ratcliffe, B.M. Powell, A new clathrate hydrate structure. Nature
325, 135–136 (1987)
11. J.S. Tse, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, B.M. Powell, Structure of oxygen clathrate hydrate by
neutron powder diffraction. J. Incl. Phenom. 4, 235–240 (1986)
12. J.A. Ripmeester, C.I. Ratcliffe, D.D. Klug, J.S. Tse, Molecular perspectives on structure and
dynamics in clathrate hydrates, in International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates, ed. by
E.D. Sloan, J. Happel, M.A. Hnatow (1994), pp. 161–176
13. J.A. Ripmeester, S. Alavi, Some current challenges in clathrate hydrate science: nucleation,
decomposition and the memory effect. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 20, 344–351 (2016)
14. Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S. Tse, Structural transition in mixed hydrates of
xenon and krypton as a function of gas-composition. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 4363–4365 (1990)
15. S. Subramanian, A.L. Ballard, R.A. Kini, S.F. Dec, E.D. Sloan, Structural transitions in methane
plus ethane gas hydrates—Part I: upper transition point and applications. Chem. Eng. Sci. 55,
5763–5771 (2000)
16. W.F. Waite, L.Y. Gilbert, W.J. Winters, D.H. Mason, Estimating thermal diffusivity and specific
heat from needle probe thermal conductivity data. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 (2006)
17. W.F. Waite, L.A. Stern, S.H. Kirby, W.J. Winters, D.H. Mason, Simultaneous determination of
thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat in sI methane hydrate. Geophys. J.
Int. 169, 767–774 (2007)
18. D.W. Davidson, M.A. Desando, S.R. Gough, Y.P. Handa, C.I. Ratcliffe, J.A. Ripmeester, J.S.
Tse, Some physical and thermo-physical properties of clathrate hydrates. J. Incl. Phenom. 5,
219–223 (1987)
19. Y.P. Handa, Compositions, enthalpies of dissociation, and heat-capacities in the range 85-K to
270-K for Clathrate hydrates of methane, ethane, and propane, and enthalpy of dissociation of