38
S. K. Das et al.
55. Reynolds AP, Tang W, Gnaupel-Herold T, Prask H (2003) Structure, properties, and residual
stress of 304L stainless steel friction stir welds. Scripta Mater 48(9):1289–1294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00024-1
56. Rodrigues DM, Loureiro A, Leitao C, Leal RM, Chaparro BM, Vilaça P (2009) Influence of
friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016–
T4 thin welds. Mater Des 30(6):1913–1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.09.016
57. Santos TFA, Hermenegildo TFC, Afonso CRM, Marinho RR, Paes MTP, Ramirez AJ (2010)
Fracture toughness of ISO 3183 X80M (API 5L X80) steel friction stir welds. Eng Fract Mech
77(15):2937–2945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.07.022
58. Sato YS, Nelson TW, Sterling CJ, Steel RJ, Pettersson CO (2005) Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A
397(1):376–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.054
59. Shashi Kumar S, Murugan N, Ramachandran KK (2016) Influence of tool material on mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded 316L austenitic stainless steel butt
joints. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 58:196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.
04.015
60. Sorensen C, Nielsen B, Minerals M, Materials S (2009) Exploring geometry effects for convex
scrolled shoulder, step spiral probe FSW tools. In: Symposium; 5th, friction stir welding,
Warrendale, 2009. Materials Society, pp 85–92
61. Stevenson R, Toumpis A, Galloway A (2015) Defect tolerance of friction stir welds in DH36
steel. Mater Des 87:701–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.064
62. Sutton MA, Yang B, Reynolds AP, Yan J (2004) Banded microstructure in 2024-T351 and
2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds: Part II. Mechanical characterization. Mater Sci Eng
A 364(1):66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00533-1
63. Takahara H, Tsujikawa M, Chung SW, Okawa Y, Higashi K, Oki S (2008) Optimization of
welding condition for nonlinear friction stir welding. Mater Trans 49(6):1359–1364. https://
doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.L-MRA2008807
64. Thomas WM, Dolby RE (2002) Friction stir welding developments. In: 6th International
conference on trends in welding research, Georgoa, USA. ASM International
65. Threadgill PL, Leonard AJ, Shercliff HR, Withers PJ (2009) Friction stir welding of aluminium
alloys. Int Mater Rev 54(2):49–93. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328009X411136
66. Tingey C, Galloway A, Toumpis A, Cater S (2015) Effect of tool centreline deviation on the
mechanical properties of friction stir welded DH36 steel. Mater Des 1980–2015(65):896–906.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.017
67. Tolephih MH, Mashloosh KM, Waheed Z (2011) Comparative study of the mechanical properties of (FS) and MIG welded joint in (AA7020-T6) aluminum alloy. Al-Khwarizmi Eng J
7(2):22–35
68. Wei L, Nelson TW (2012) Influence of heat input XE “heat input” on post weld microstructure
and mechanical properties of friction stir welded HSLA-65 steel. Mater Sci Eng A 556:51–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.057
69. Xunhong W, Kuaishe W (2006) Microstructure and properties of friction stir butt-welded
AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 431(1):114–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.
2006.05.128
70. Yang J, Wang D, Xiao BL, Ni DR, Ma ZY (2013) Effects of rotation rates on microstructure,
mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of friction stir-Welded (FSW) AZ31 magnesium
alloy. Metallur Mater Trans A 44(1):517–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1373-4
71. Zappia T, Smith C, Colligan K, Ostersehlte H, Kallee SW (2010) Friction stir welding equipment. In: Lohwasser D, Chen Z (eds) Friction stir welding. Woodhead Publishing, pp 73–117.
https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845697716.1.74
72. Zhang Y, Sato YS, Kokawa H, Park SHC, Hirano S (2008a) Microstructural characteristics
and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V friction stir welds. Mater Sci Eng A 485(1):448–455.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.051
73. Zhang Y, Sato YS, Kokawa H, Park SHC, Hirano S (2008b) Stir zone microstructure of commercial purity titanium friction stir welded using pcBN tool. Mater Sci Eng A 488(1):25–30. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.062
S. K. Das et al.
55. Reynolds AP, Tang W, Gnaupel-Herold T, Prask H (2003) Structure, properties, and residual
stress of 304L stainless steel friction stir welds. Scripta Mater 48(9):1289–1294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00024-1
56. Rodrigues DM, Loureiro A, Leitao C, Leal RM, Chaparro BM, Vilaça P (2009) Influence of
friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016–
T4 thin welds. Mater Des 30(6):1913–1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.09.016
57. Santos TFA, Hermenegildo TFC, Afonso CRM, Marinho RR, Paes MTP, Ramirez AJ (2010)
Fracture toughness of ISO 3183 X80M (API 5L X80) steel friction stir welds. Eng Fract Mech
77(15):2937–2945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.07.022
58. Sato YS, Nelson TW, Sterling CJ, Steel RJ, Pettersson CO (2005) Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A
397(1):376–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.054
59. Shashi Kumar S, Murugan N, Ramachandran KK (2016) Influence of tool material on mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded 316L austenitic stainless steel butt
joints. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater 58:196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.
04.015
60. Sorensen C, Nielsen B, Minerals M, Materials S (2009) Exploring geometry effects for convex
scrolled shoulder, step spiral probe FSW tools. In: Symposium; 5th, friction stir welding,
Warrendale, 2009. Materials Society, pp 85–92
61. Stevenson R, Toumpis A, Galloway A (2015) Defect tolerance of friction stir welds in DH36
steel. Mater Des 87:701–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.064
62. Sutton MA, Yang B, Reynolds AP, Yan J (2004) Banded microstructure in 2024-T351 and
2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds: Part II. Mechanical characterization. Mater Sci Eng
A 364(1):66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00533-1
63. Takahara H, Tsujikawa M, Chung SW, Okawa Y, Higashi K, Oki S (2008) Optimization of
welding condition for nonlinear friction stir welding. Mater Trans 49(6):1359–1364. https://
doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.L-MRA2008807
64. Thomas WM, Dolby RE (2002) Friction stir welding developments. In: 6th International
conference on trends in welding research, Georgoa, USA. ASM International
65. Threadgill PL, Leonard AJ, Shercliff HR, Withers PJ (2009) Friction stir welding of aluminium
alloys. Int Mater Rev 54(2):49–93. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328009X411136
66. Tingey C, Galloway A, Toumpis A, Cater S (2015) Effect of tool centreline deviation on the
mechanical properties of friction stir welded DH36 steel. Mater Des 1980–2015(65):896–906.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.017
67. Tolephih MH, Mashloosh KM, Waheed Z (2011) Comparative study of the mechanical properties of (FS) and MIG welded joint in (AA7020-T6) aluminum alloy. Al-Khwarizmi Eng J
7(2):22–35
68. Wei L, Nelson TW (2012) Influence of heat input XE “heat input” on post weld microstructure
and mechanical properties of friction stir welded HSLA-65 steel. Mater Sci Eng A 556:51–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.057
69. Xunhong W, Kuaishe W (2006) Microstructure and properties of friction stir butt-welded
AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 431(1):114–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.
2006.05.128
70. Yang J, Wang D, Xiao BL, Ni DR, Ma ZY (2013) Effects of rotation rates on microstructure,
mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of friction stir-Welded (FSW) AZ31 magnesium
alloy. Metallur Mater Trans A 44(1):517–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1373-4
71. Zappia T, Smith C, Colligan K, Ostersehlte H, Kallee SW (2010) Friction stir welding equipment. In: Lohwasser D, Chen Z (eds) Friction stir welding. Woodhead Publishing, pp 73–117.
https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845697716.1.74
72. Zhang Y, Sato YS, Kokawa H, Park SHC, Hirano S (2008a) Microstructural characteristics
and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V friction stir welds. Mater Sci Eng A 485(1):448–455.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.051
73. Zhang Y, Sato YS, Kokawa H, Park SHC, Hirano S (2008b) Stir zone microstructure of commercial purity titanium friction stir welded using pcBN tool. Mater Sci Eng A 488(1):25–30. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.062