366
Y. Shi et al.
15. Cui S, Liu Z, Fang Y, Luo Z, Manladan S, Yi S (2017) Keyhole process in K-TIG welding on
4 mm thick 304 stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 243:217–228
16. Liu Z, Fang Y, Qiu J, Feng M, Luo Z, Yuan J (2017) Stabilization of weld pool through jet flow
argon gas backing in C-Mn steel keyhole TIG welding. J Mater Process Technol 250:132–143
17. Liu Z, Chen S, Cui S, Lv Z, Zhang T, Luo Z (2019) Experimental investigation of focusing
cathode region by cooling tungsten. Int J Therm Sci 138:24–34
18. Wang Y, Qi B, Cong B, Zhu M, Lin S (2018) Keyhole welding of AA2219 aluminum alloy
with double-pulsed variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding. J Manufact Process 34:179–186
19. Xie Y, Cai Y, Zhang X, Luo Z (2018) Characterization of keyhole gas tungsten arc welded AISI
430 steel and joint performance optimization. Int J Adv Manufact Technol 99(1–4):347–361
20. Huang Y, Luo Z, Lei Y, Ao S, Shan H, Zhang Y (2018) Dissimilar joining of AISI
304/Q345 steels in keyhole tungsten inert gas welding process. Int J Adv Manufact Technol
96(9–12):4041–4049
21. Feng Y, Luo Z, Liu Z, Li Y, Luo Y, Huang Y (2015) Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding of AISI
316L stainless steel. Mater Des 85:24–31
22. Cui S, Xian Z, Shi Y, Liao B, Zhu T (2019) Microstructure and impact toughness of local-dry
Keyhole Tungsten inert gas welded joints. Materials 12(10):1638
23. Fei Z, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, Li H, Wu B, Su L (2018) Improving the weld microstructure and material
properties of K-TIG welded armour steel joint using filler material. Int J Adv Manufact Technol
100(5–8):1931–1944
24. Riffel KC, Silva RHG, Dalpiaz G, Marques C, Schwedersky MB (2019) Keyhole GTAW
with dynamic wire feeding applied to orbital welding of 304L SS pipes. Soldagem Inspeção.
24:e2418
25. Champion FC, Davy N (1947) Properties of matter. Blackie & Son Ltd., London
26. Converti J (1981) Plasma jets in welding arcs. Ph.D. thesis. Mechanical Engineering, M.I.T.,
Cambridge, MA
27. Rosenthal D (1941) Mathematical theory of heat distribution during welding and cutting. Weld
J 1941:220–234
28. Wells A (1952) Heatflow in welding. Weld J 31:263–267
29. Fei Z, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, Li H, Wu B, Ding D, Su L (2019) Effect of heat input on weld formation
and tensile properties in Keyhole Mode TIG welding process. Metals 9(12):1327
30. Chen S, Liu Z, Zhao X, Lv Z, Fan X (2019) Cathode-focused high-current arc: heat source
development with stable keyhole in stationary welding. Int J Heat Mass Transf 143:118475
31. Cui Y, Shi Y, Hong X (2019) Analysis of the frequency features of arc voltage and its application
to the recognition of welding penetration in K-TIG welding. J Manufact Process 46:225–233
32. Na L (2014) Recognition and real time control of penetration characteristics of Al alloy pulsed
GTAW process based on the arc audio information. Ph.D. thesis. Shanghai Jiao Tong University
33. Jarvis BL (2001) Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding: a new process variant. Ph.D. thesis.
University of Wollongong
34. Cui Y, Shi Y, Zhu T et al (2020) Welding penetration recognition based on arc sound and
electrical signals in K-TIG welding. Measurement 163:107966
35. Berouti M, Schwartz R, Makhoul J (2003) Enhancement of speech corrupted by acoustic noise.
In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing (ICASSP), pp
208–211
36. Allwein E, Schapire R, Singer Y (2001) Reducing multiclass to binary: a unifying approach
for margin classifiers. J Mach Learn Res 1(2):113–141
37. Alvarez-Armas I (2008) Duplex stainless steels: brief history and some recent alloys. Recent
Patents Mech Eng 1:51–57
38. Cui SW, Shi YH, Sun K et al (2018) Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties
of keyhole deep penetration TIG welds of S32101 duplex stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A
709:214–222
39. Zhang M, Wang XN, Zhu GJ et al (2014) Effect of laser welding process parameters
on microstructure and mechanical properties on butt joint of new hot-rolled nano-scale
precipitation-strengthened steel. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 27(3):521–529
Y. Shi et al.
15. Cui S, Liu Z, Fang Y, Luo Z, Manladan S, Yi S (2017) Keyhole process in K-TIG welding on
4 mm thick 304 stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 243:217–228
16. Liu Z, Fang Y, Qiu J, Feng M, Luo Z, Yuan J (2017) Stabilization of weld pool through jet flow
argon gas backing in C-Mn steel keyhole TIG welding. J Mater Process Technol 250:132–143
17. Liu Z, Chen S, Cui S, Lv Z, Zhang T, Luo Z (2019) Experimental investigation of focusing
cathode region by cooling tungsten. Int J Therm Sci 138:24–34
18. Wang Y, Qi B, Cong B, Zhu M, Lin S (2018) Keyhole welding of AA2219 aluminum alloy
with double-pulsed variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding. J Manufact Process 34:179–186
19. Xie Y, Cai Y, Zhang X, Luo Z (2018) Characterization of keyhole gas tungsten arc welded AISI
430 steel and joint performance optimization. Int J Adv Manufact Technol 99(1–4):347–361
20. Huang Y, Luo Z, Lei Y, Ao S, Shan H, Zhang Y (2018) Dissimilar joining of AISI
304/Q345 steels in keyhole tungsten inert gas welding process. Int J Adv Manufact Technol
96(9–12):4041–4049
21. Feng Y, Luo Z, Liu Z, Li Y, Luo Y, Huang Y (2015) Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding of AISI
316L stainless steel. Mater Des 85:24–31
22. Cui S, Xian Z, Shi Y, Liao B, Zhu T (2019) Microstructure and impact toughness of local-dry
Keyhole Tungsten inert gas welded joints. Materials 12(10):1638
23. Fei Z, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, Li H, Wu B, Su L (2018) Improving the weld microstructure and material
properties of K-TIG welded armour steel joint using filler material. Int J Adv Manufact Technol
100(5–8):1931–1944
24. Riffel KC, Silva RHG, Dalpiaz G, Marques C, Schwedersky MB (2019) Keyhole GTAW
with dynamic wire feeding applied to orbital welding of 304L SS pipes. Soldagem Inspeção.
24:e2418
25. Champion FC, Davy N (1947) Properties of matter. Blackie & Son Ltd., London
26. Converti J (1981) Plasma jets in welding arcs. Ph.D. thesis. Mechanical Engineering, M.I.T.,
Cambridge, MA
27. Rosenthal D (1941) Mathematical theory of heat distribution during welding and cutting. Weld
J 1941:220–234
28. Wells A (1952) Heatflow in welding. Weld J 31:263–267
29. Fei Z, Pan Z, Cuiuri D, Li H, Wu B, Ding D, Su L (2019) Effect of heat input on weld formation
and tensile properties in Keyhole Mode TIG welding process. Metals 9(12):1327
30. Chen S, Liu Z, Zhao X, Lv Z, Fan X (2019) Cathode-focused high-current arc: heat source
development with stable keyhole in stationary welding. Int J Heat Mass Transf 143:118475
31. Cui Y, Shi Y, Hong X (2019) Analysis of the frequency features of arc voltage and its application
to the recognition of welding penetration in K-TIG welding. J Manufact Process 46:225–233
32. Na L (2014) Recognition and real time control of penetration characteristics of Al alloy pulsed
GTAW process based on the arc audio information. Ph.D. thesis. Shanghai Jiao Tong University
33. Jarvis BL (2001) Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding: a new process variant. Ph.D. thesis.
University of Wollongong
34. Cui Y, Shi Y, Zhu T et al (2020) Welding penetration recognition based on arc sound and
electrical signals in K-TIG welding. Measurement 163:107966
35. Berouti M, Schwartz R, Makhoul J (2003) Enhancement of speech corrupted by acoustic noise.
In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing (ICASSP), pp
208–211
36. Allwein E, Schapire R, Singer Y (2001) Reducing multiclass to binary: a unifying approach
for margin classifiers. J Mach Learn Res 1(2):113–141
37. Alvarez-Armas I (2008) Duplex stainless steels: brief history and some recent alloys. Recent
Patents Mech Eng 1:51–57
38. Cui SW, Shi YH, Sun K et al (2018) Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties
of keyhole deep penetration TIG welds of S32101 duplex stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A
709:214–222
39. Zhang M, Wang XN, Zhu GJ et al (2014) Effect of laser welding process parameters
on microstructure and mechanical properties on butt joint of new hot-rolled nano-scale
precipitation-strengthened steel. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 27(3):521–529