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D. Mishra et al.
8.3.5.1 Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical System
The IoT refers to various interconnected devices with an ability to transfer the data
remotely by using some suitable communication protocol. It has been defined as the
world of interconnected things with an ability of sensing, actuating and communicating among themselves and with the environment [97]. This resembles the machine
(with sensors and data acquisition system) connected to a remote platform over the
Internet, so that, they are able to send some information. The information refers to the
data acquired from the sensors. This makes the machine “smart". The CPS refers to
the system enabling the control of physical objects through computer and software.
The term CPS has been referred as a unifying system, where the cyber parts are
integrated with the physical parts, during both design and operation [97]. In manufacturing, the term “cyber” refers to the computer and software-based algorithms and
“physical” refers to the machine. The interaction between these two systems implies
enabling the control of the physical system via the cyber system. The feedback from
the cyber world is sent to the embedded system of the physical machine in real time.
This can be extended to welding.
8.3.5.2 Cloud Computing and Cyber Security
Cloud refers to a virtual server comprising of high-speed processing power, large
memory, and other resources enabling computation [98]. The machines in a manufacturing shop floor can be connected to the cloud, and channels for transmitting
the sensors’ data can be established [99]. This would help in realizing the remote
monitoring or tele-monitoring [54]. Thus, the cloud server would act as the centralized platform. More often, “edge computing” or “fog computing” is also preferred
which indicates to a server located closer to the machine [100]. The fog server is
referred as a distributed and decentralized infrastructure, whereas the cloud server
is a centralized system. The fog server does not resemble a separate entity, and it
does not replace the cloud server, it complements the cloud instead. The fog server
resembles multiple nodes which are located closer to the physical machine. They are
used for short-term edge analysis due to their instant responsiveness. This enables
the data to be received at the monitoring platform faster and also reduces the traffic
in the cloud. Thus, the fog server acts as a mediator between the physical device and
the cloud server. For an industry, there may be a need of numerous robots employed
in series or parallel. These robots would be configured with several sensors. A cloud
server connectivity for collecting the data from these sensors would make it easier
for computations in a single platform. In addition, an edge device can be connected
to each of the robot for initial screening, and subsequent transferring only the reliable
data.
Since the Internet will be the most basic requirement to ensure the flow of data
between devices, encrypted communication protocols will be required to secure and
maintain an end-to-end communication. This is referred as cyber security.
D. Mishra et al.
8.3.5.1 Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical System
The IoT refers to various interconnected devices with an ability to transfer the data
remotely by using some suitable communication protocol. It has been defined as the
world of interconnected things with an ability of sensing, actuating and communicating among themselves and with the environment [97]. This resembles the machine
(with sensors and data acquisition system) connected to a remote platform over the
Internet, so that, they are able to send some information. The information refers to the
data acquired from the sensors. This makes the machine “smart". The CPS refers to
the system enabling the control of physical objects through computer and software.
The term CPS has been referred as a unifying system, where the cyber parts are
integrated with the physical parts, during both design and operation [97]. In manufacturing, the term “cyber” refers to the computer and software-based algorithms and
“physical” refers to the machine. The interaction between these two systems implies
enabling the control of the physical system via the cyber system. The feedback from
the cyber world is sent to the embedded system of the physical machine in real time.
This can be extended to welding.
8.3.5.2 Cloud Computing and Cyber Security
Cloud refers to a virtual server comprising of high-speed processing power, large
memory, and other resources enabling computation [98]. The machines in a manufacturing shop floor can be connected to the cloud, and channels for transmitting
the sensors’ data can be established [99]. This would help in realizing the remote
monitoring or tele-monitoring [54]. Thus, the cloud server would act as the centralized platform. More often, “edge computing” or “fog computing” is also preferred
which indicates to a server located closer to the machine [100]. The fog server is
referred as a distributed and decentralized infrastructure, whereas the cloud server
is a centralized system. The fog server does not resemble a separate entity, and it
does not replace the cloud server, it complements the cloud instead. The fog server
resembles multiple nodes which are located closer to the physical machine. They are
used for short-term edge analysis due to their instant responsiveness. This enables
the data to be received at the monitoring platform faster and also reduces the traffic
in the cloud. Thus, the fog server acts as a mediator between the physical device and
the cloud server. For an industry, there may be a need of numerous robots employed
in series or parallel. These robots would be configured with several sensors. A cloud
server connectivity for collecting the data from these sensors would make it easier
for computations in a single platform. In addition, an edge device can be connected
to each of the robot for initial screening, and subsequent transferring only the reliable
data.
Since the Internet will be the most basic requirement to ensure the flow of data
between devices, encrypted communication protocols will be required to secure and
maintain an end-to-end communication. This is referred as cyber security.