18
S. K. Das et al.
Table 1.4 FSW of different types of steel at various plate thickness, tool material, spindle speed
and welding speed
workpiece material
Plate
thickness
(mm)
Tool material
Spindle
speed
(rpm)
Welding
speed
(mm/min)
Reference
0.45% carbon steel
2
WC tool
250–1000 100
[20]
Medium-carbon
low-alloy S45C
2
WC tool
400
100, 200,
300, 400,
500
[19]
st37 steel
2
Tungsten alloy
bar
450–560
50–160
[24]
High Ni steel (24 wt%), 1.6
WC tool,
200, 300,
400
400
[42]
AISI 304L SS
3.2
W-alloy tool
300, 500
102
[55]
AISI 316L austenitic
stainless steel
3
W tool doped
with 1% La 2 O 3
400–800
45
[59]
AISI 409 M ferritic
stainless steel
4
W-alloy tool
1000
90
[25]
Super-austenitic stainless
steel S32654 sheets
2.4
W–Re tool
300, 400
100
[32]
Duplex stainless steel
SAF 2205
2
WC-based
material
400
50
[12]
Super duplex stainless
steel SAF 2507
4
PCBN tool,
450
60
[58]
API-5LX80 steel plates 12
PCBN tool
300, 350,
500
100
[57]
API-X100 pipeline steel 6.5
WRe tool
600
50
[9]
HSLA-65 steel
6.45
PCBN tool
300- 600
50–200
[68]
Naval grade HSLA steel 5
W-La 2 O 3 tool, 600
30
[51]
High-nitrogen stainless
steel
2
Si 3 N 4 -based
tool
400
50, 100,
200, 300
[43]
DH36 steel
6
W-Re-PCBN
tool,
450
250
[66]
Oxide
dispersion-strengthened
(ODS) steel MA956
plates
4
PCBN tool
25,50,100 500,400
[5]
18% Ni maraging steel
5.2
PCBN tool
inserter in WC
shank,
250
25
[35]
Dissimilar steels of grade
304 stainless steel and
st37 steel
3
WC-Co tool
400, 800
50
[21]
P91 steel plate
3
PCBN-coated
tool
1000
100
[23]