Chapter 6
Microstructure and Texture in Welding:
A Case Study on Friction Stir Welding
Soumya Sangita Nayak, Raju Prasad Mahto, Surjya Kanta Pal,
and Prakash Srirangam
Abstract This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the evolution of microstructure and texture during welding. The major focus of the chapter has been on various
metallurgical reactions and events occurring in the welded zone of both fusion and
solid-state welding processes. Along with this, the chapter also discusses evolution
of texture in various welding techniques. For more insights, a case study on evolution of microstructure and texture in an innovative welding technique, friction stir
welding (FSW) has been provided at the end of this chapter. The case study also
shows the importance of microstructure and texture on the mechanical properties of
the weld joint.
Keywords Microstructure · Texture · Fusion welding · Solid-state welding ·
Friction stir welding
6.1 Introduction
The final performance of a material in any application depends on three aspects,
i.e. processing, microstructure and properties. Metal processing (casting, forming
and welding) is the initial step in manufacturing a component, and the evolved
microstructure during processing influences the mechanical and other properties
S. S. Nayak
Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
e-mail: soumyasangitanayak@iitkgp.ac.in
R. P. Mahto · S. K. Pal (B)
Friction Stir Welding Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
e-mail: skpal@mech.iitkgp.ac.in
R. P. Mahto
e-mail: rajukec1@gmail.com
P. Srirangam
Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
e-mail: P.Srirangam@warwick.ac.uk
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. P. Davim (ed.), Welding Technology, Materials Forming, Machining
and Tribology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63986-0_6
193
Microstructure and Texture in Welding:
A Case Study on Friction Stir Welding
Soumya Sangita Nayak, Raju Prasad Mahto, Surjya Kanta Pal,
and Prakash Srirangam
Abstract This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the evolution of microstructure and texture during welding. The major focus of the chapter has been on various
metallurgical reactions and events occurring in the welded zone of both fusion and
solid-state welding processes. Along with this, the chapter also discusses evolution
of texture in various welding techniques. For more insights, a case study on evolution of microstructure and texture in an innovative welding technique, friction stir
welding (FSW) has been provided at the end of this chapter. The case study also
shows the importance of microstructure and texture on the mechanical properties of
the weld joint.
Keywords Microstructure · Texture · Fusion welding · Solid-state welding ·
Friction stir welding
6.1 Introduction
The final performance of a material in any application depends on three aspects,
i.e. processing, microstructure and properties. Metal processing (casting, forming
and welding) is the initial step in manufacturing a component, and the evolved
microstructure during processing influences the mechanical and other properties
S. S. Nayak
Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
e-mail: soumyasangitanayak@iitkgp.ac.in
R. P. Mahto · S. K. Pal (B)
Friction Stir Welding Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
e-mail: skpal@mech.iitkgp.ac.in
R. P. Mahto
e-mail: rajukec1@gmail.com
P. Srirangam
Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
e-mail: P.Srirangam@warwick.ac.uk
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. P. Davim (ed.), Welding Technology, Materials Forming, Machining
and Tribology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63986-0_6
193