3. K.-U. Riemann, Theory of the collisional presheath in an oblique magnetic field. Phys. Plasmas
1, 552–558 (1994)
4. A.B. Mikhailovskii, Theory of plasma instabilities, in Instabilities in a Homogeneous Plasma,
vol. 1, (Springer, New York, 1974)
5. S.D. Baalrud, C.C. Hegna, Kinetic theory of the presheath and the Bohm criterion. Plasma
Sources Sci. Technol. 20, 025013 (2011)
6. E.R. Harrison, W.B. Thompson, The low pressure plane symmetric discharge. Proc. Phys. Soc.
74, 145–152 (1959)
7. K. Aoki, Y. Sone, T. Yamada, Numerical analysis of gas flows condensing on its plane
condensation phase on the basis of kinetic theory. Phys. Fluids A2, 1867–1878 (1990)
8. L.D. Landau, L.M. Lifshitz, Fluid mechanics, in Course of Theoretical Physics, vol. 6, 2nd
edn., (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1987)
9. J.E. Allen, A note on the generalized sheath criterion. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 9, 2331–2332
(1976)
10. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Particle trajectories in a sheath in a strongly tilted magnetic field.
Phys. Plasmas 5, 808–817 (1998)
11. K.-U. Riemann, Comment on ‘kinetic theory of the presheath and the Bohm criterion’. Plasma
Sources Sci. Technol. 21, 068011 (2012)
12. V. Rozhansky, E. Kaveeva, P. Molchanov, I. Veselova, S. Voskoboynikov, D. Coster,
G. Counsell, A. Kirk, S. Lisgo, The ASDEX-Upgrade Team and The MAST Team, New
B2SOLPS5.2 transport code for H-mode regimes in tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion 49, 025007 (2009)
13. Z. Guo, X.-Z. Tang, Ambipolar transport via trapped-electron whistler instability along open
magnetic field lines. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 135005 (2012)
14. K.-U. Riemann, Kinetic analysis of the collisional plasma–sheath transition. J. Phys. D. Appl.
Phys. 36, 2811–2820 (2003)
15. S. Kuhn, K.-U. Riemann, N. Jelić, D.D. Tskhakaya Sr., D. Tskahaya Jr., Link between fluid and
kinetic parameters near the plasma boundary. Phys. Plasmas 13, 013503 (2006)
16. I.H. Hutchinson, The magnetic presheath boundary condition with EÂB drifts. Phys. Plasmas 3,
6–7 (1996)
17. A.V. Chankin, P.C. Stangeby, The effect of diamagnetic drift on the boundary conditions in
tokamak scrape-off layers and the distribution of plasma fluxes near the target. Plasma Phys.
Control. Fusion 36, 1485–1499 (1994)
18. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Sheath physics and boundary conditions for edge plasmas. Contrib.
Plasma Phys. 44, 111–125 (2004)
19. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Non-steady-state boundary conditions for a sheath in a tilted
magnetic field. Plasma Phys. Rep. 23, 805–809 (1997)
20. G.D. Hobbs, J.A. Wesson, Heat flow through a Langmuir sheath in the presence of electron
emission. Plasma Phys. 9, 85–87 (1967)
21. M.Y. Ye, S. Masuzaki, K. Shiraishi, S. Takamura, N. Ohno, Nonlinear interactions between
high heat flux plasma and electron-emissive hot material surface. Phys. Plasmas 3, 281–292
(1996)
22. M.Z. Tokar, A.V. Nedospasov, A.V. Yaroshkin, The possible nature of hot spots on tokamak
walls. Nucl. Fusion 32, 15–24 (1992)
23. M.D. Companell, Negative plasma potential relative to electron-emitting surfaces. Phys. Rev. E
88, 033103 (2013)
24. M.D. Companell, M.V. Umansky, Strongly emitting surfaces unable to float below plasma
potential. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 085003 (2016)
25. M.D. Companell, G.R. Johnson, Thermionic cooling of the target plasma to a sub-eV temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 226, 015003 (2019)
26. R. Masline, R.D. Smirnov, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Influence of the inverse sheath on divertor
plasma performance in tokamak edge plasma simulations. To appear in Contrib. Plasma Phys.
(2020)
86
4 Sheath Physics
1, 552–558 (1994)
4. A.B. Mikhailovskii, Theory of plasma instabilities, in Instabilities in a Homogeneous Plasma,
vol. 1, (Springer, New York, 1974)
5. S.D. Baalrud, C.C. Hegna, Kinetic theory of the presheath and the Bohm criterion. Plasma
Sources Sci. Technol. 20, 025013 (2011)
6. E.R. Harrison, W.B. Thompson, The low pressure plane symmetric discharge. Proc. Phys. Soc.
74, 145–152 (1959)
7. K. Aoki, Y. Sone, T. Yamada, Numerical analysis of gas flows condensing on its plane
condensation phase on the basis of kinetic theory. Phys. Fluids A2, 1867–1878 (1990)
8. L.D. Landau, L.M. Lifshitz, Fluid mechanics, in Course of Theoretical Physics, vol. 6, 2nd
edn., (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1987)
9. J.E. Allen, A note on the generalized sheath criterion. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 9, 2331–2332
(1976)
10. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Particle trajectories in a sheath in a strongly tilted magnetic field.
Phys. Plasmas 5, 808–817 (1998)
11. K.-U. Riemann, Comment on ‘kinetic theory of the presheath and the Bohm criterion’. Plasma
Sources Sci. Technol. 21, 068011 (2012)
12. V. Rozhansky, E. Kaveeva, P. Molchanov, I. Veselova, S. Voskoboynikov, D. Coster,
G. Counsell, A. Kirk, S. Lisgo, The ASDEX-Upgrade Team and The MAST Team, New
B2SOLPS5.2 transport code for H-mode regimes in tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion 49, 025007 (2009)
13. Z. Guo, X.-Z. Tang, Ambipolar transport via trapped-electron whistler instability along open
magnetic field lines. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 135005 (2012)
14. K.-U. Riemann, Kinetic analysis of the collisional plasma–sheath transition. J. Phys. D. Appl.
Phys. 36, 2811–2820 (2003)
15. S. Kuhn, K.-U. Riemann, N. Jelić, D.D. Tskhakaya Sr., D. Tskahaya Jr., Link between fluid and
kinetic parameters near the plasma boundary. Phys. Plasmas 13, 013503 (2006)
16. I.H. Hutchinson, The magnetic presheath boundary condition with EÂB drifts. Phys. Plasmas 3,
6–7 (1996)
17. A.V. Chankin, P.C. Stangeby, The effect of diamagnetic drift on the boundary conditions in
tokamak scrape-off layers and the distribution of plasma fluxes near the target. Plasma Phys.
Control. Fusion 36, 1485–1499 (1994)
18. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Sheath physics and boundary conditions for edge plasmas. Contrib.
Plasma Phys. 44, 111–125 (2004)
19. R.H. Cohen, D.D. Ryutov, Non-steady-state boundary conditions for a sheath in a tilted
magnetic field. Plasma Phys. Rep. 23, 805–809 (1997)
20. G.D. Hobbs, J.A. Wesson, Heat flow through a Langmuir sheath in the presence of electron
emission. Plasma Phys. 9, 85–87 (1967)
21. M.Y. Ye, S. Masuzaki, K. Shiraishi, S. Takamura, N. Ohno, Nonlinear interactions between
high heat flux plasma and electron-emissive hot material surface. Phys. Plasmas 3, 281–292
(1996)
22. M.Z. Tokar, A.V. Nedospasov, A.V. Yaroshkin, The possible nature of hot spots on tokamak
walls. Nucl. Fusion 32, 15–24 (1992)
23. M.D. Companell, Negative plasma potential relative to electron-emitting surfaces. Phys. Rev. E
88, 033103 (2013)
24. M.D. Companell, M.V. Umansky, Strongly emitting surfaces unable to float below plasma
potential. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 085003 (2016)
25. M.D. Companell, G.R. Johnson, Thermionic cooling of the target plasma to a sub-eV temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 226, 015003 (2019)
26. R. Masline, R.D. Smirnov, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Influence of the inverse sheath on divertor
plasma performance in tokamak edge plasma simulations. To appear in Contrib. Plasma Phys.
(2020)
86
4 Sheath Physics