one more term, À2
n
TΓ
!
an þ ð2=3Þq
!
an
o
Á ∇ℓnðBÞ, should be added on the left-hand
side of the pressure balance equation (6.55) and (6.56).
6.7 Conclusions
As of today, modeling of edge plasma transport, which incorporates the particle,
momentum, and energy fluxes, the atomic physics, the plasma-wall interactions, etc.,
relies on fluid plasma models. Although such models have some issues with their
applicability (e.g. an impact of nonlocal effects on electron heat transport) and use a
crude and, actually, ad hoc description of anomalous cross-field transport, they
reproduce many features observed in experiments (see Chaps. 8 and 9).
References
1. A. Zeiler, D. Biskamp, J.F. Drake, P.N. Guzdar, Three-dimensional fluid simulations of
tokamak edge turbulence. Phys. Plasmas 3, 2951–2960 (1996)
2. X.Q. Xu, R.H. Cohen, G.D. Porter, T.D. Rognlien, D.D. Ryutov, J.R. Myra, D.A. D’Ippolito,
R.A. Moyer, R.J. Groebner, Turbulence studies in tokamak boundary plasmas with realistic
divertor geometry. Nucl. Fusion 40, 731–736 (2000)
3. M.V. Umansky, X.Q. Xu, B. Dudson, L.L. LoDestro, J.R. Myra, Status and verification of edge
plasma turbulence code BOUT. Comput. Phys Commun. 180, 887–903 (2009)
4. F.D. Halpern, P. Ricci, S. Jolliet, J. Loizu, J. Morales, A. Mosetto, F. Musil, F. Riva, T.M. Tran,
C. Wersal, The GBS code for tokamak scrape-off layer simulations. J. Comput. Phys. 315,
388–408 (2016)
5. B.D. Dudson, J. Leddy, Hermes: Global plasma edge fluid turbulence simulations. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 59, 054010 (2017)
6. B. Zhu, M. Francisquez, B.N. Rogers, Global 3D two-fluid simulations of the tokamak edge
region: turbulence, transport, profile evolution, and spontaneous EÂB rotation. Phys. Plasmas
24, 055903 (2017)
7. M. Francisquez, B. Zhu, B.N. Rogers, Global 3D Braginskii simulations of the tokamak edge
region of IWL discharges. Nucl. Fusion 57, 116049 (2017)
8. A. Stegmeir, D. Coster, A. Ross, O. Maj, K. Lackner, E. Poli, GRILLIX: A 3D turbulence code
based on the flux-coordinate independent approach. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60, 035005
(2018)
9. D. Galassi, G. Ciraolo, P. Tamain, H. Bufferand, P. Ghendrih, N. Nace, E. Serre, Tokamak edge
plasma turbulence interaction with magnetic X-point in 3D global simulations. Fluids 4,
50 (2019)
10. R. Schneider, X. Bonnin, K. Borrass, D.P. Coster, H. Kastelewicz, A. Reiter, V.A. Rozhansky,
B.J. Braams, Plasma edge physics with B2-Eirene. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, 3–191 (2006)
11. V. Rozhansky, E. Kaveeva, P. Molchanov, I. Veselova, S. Voskoboynikov, D. Coster,
G. Counsell, A. Kirk, S. Lisgo, ASDEX-Upgrade Team, MAST Team, New B2SOLPS5.2
transport code for H-mode regimes in tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion 49, 025007 (2009)
12. N.M. Li, X.Q. Xu, T.D. Rognlien, B. Gui, J.Z. Sun, D.Z. Wang, Calculation of two-dimension
radial electric field in boundary plasmas by using BOUT plus. Comput. Phys. Commun. 228,
69–82 (2018)
References
135
n
TΓ
!
an þ ð2=3Þq
!
an
o
Á ∇ℓnðBÞ, should be added on the left-hand
side of the pressure balance equation (6.55) and (6.56).
6.7 Conclusions
As of today, modeling of edge plasma transport, which incorporates the particle,
momentum, and energy fluxes, the atomic physics, the plasma-wall interactions, etc.,
relies on fluid plasma models. Although such models have some issues with their
applicability (e.g. an impact of nonlocal effects on electron heat transport) and use a
crude and, actually, ad hoc description of anomalous cross-field transport, they
reproduce many features observed in experiments (see Chaps. 8 and 9).
References
1. A. Zeiler, D. Biskamp, J.F. Drake, P.N. Guzdar, Three-dimensional fluid simulations of
tokamak edge turbulence. Phys. Plasmas 3, 2951–2960 (1996)
2. X.Q. Xu, R.H. Cohen, G.D. Porter, T.D. Rognlien, D.D. Ryutov, J.R. Myra, D.A. D’Ippolito,
R.A. Moyer, R.J. Groebner, Turbulence studies in tokamak boundary plasmas with realistic
divertor geometry. Nucl. Fusion 40, 731–736 (2000)
3. M.V. Umansky, X.Q. Xu, B. Dudson, L.L. LoDestro, J.R. Myra, Status and verification of edge
plasma turbulence code BOUT. Comput. Phys Commun. 180, 887–903 (2009)
4. F.D. Halpern, P. Ricci, S. Jolliet, J. Loizu, J. Morales, A. Mosetto, F. Musil, F. Riva, T.M. Tran,
C. Wersal, The GBS code for tokamak scrape-off layer simulations. J. Comput. Phys. 315,
388–408 (2016)
5. B.D. Dudson, J. Leddy, Hermes: Global plasma edge fluid turbulence simulations. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 59, 054010 (2017)
6. B. Zhu, M. Francisquez, B.N. Rogers, Global 3D two-fluid simulations of the tokamak edge
region: turbulence, transport, profile evolution, and spontaneous EÂB rotation. Phys. Plasmas
24, 055903 (2017)
7. M. Francisquez, B. Zhu, B.N. Rogers, Global 3D Braginskii simulations of the tokamak edge
region of IWL discharges. Nucl. Fusion 57, 116049 (2017)
8. A. Stegmeir, D. Coster, A. Ross, O. Maj, K. Lackner, E. Poli, GRILLIX: A 3D turbulence code
based on the flux-coordinate independent approach. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60, 035005
(2018)
9. D. Galassi, G. Ciraolo, P. Tamain, H. Bufferand, P. Ghendrih, N. Nace, E. Serre, Tokamak edge
plasma turbulence interaction with magnetic X-point in 3D global simulations. Fluids 4,
50 (2019)
10. R. Schneider, X. Bonnin, K. Borrass, D.P. Coster, H. Kastelewicz, A. Reiter, V.A. Rozhansky,
B.J. Braams, Plasma edge physics with B2-Eirene. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, 3–191 (2006)
11. V. Rozhansky, E. Kaveeva, P. Molchanov, I. Veselova, S. Voskoboynikov, D. Coster,
G. Counsell, A. Kirk, S. Lisgo, ASDEX-Upgrade Team, MAST Team, New B2SOLPS5.2
transport code for H-mode regimes in tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion 49, 025007 (2009)
12. N.M. Li, X.Q. Xu, T.D. Rognlien, B. Gui, J.Z. Sun, D.Z. Wang, Calculation of two-dimension
radial electric field in boundary plasmas by using BOUT plus. Comput. Phys. Commun. 228,
69–82 (2018)
References
135