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35. Kihlborg L (1963) Least squares refinement of the crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide.
Ark Kemi 21:357–364
36. Spencer ND, Pereira CJ (1987) Partial oxidation of CH 4 to HCHO over a MoO 3 -SiO 2 catalyst:
a kinetic study. AIChE J 33:1808–1812
37. Kuba S, Heydorn PC, Grasselli RK, Gates BC, Che M, Kno¨zinger H (2001) Redox properties
of tungstated zirconia catalysts: relevance to the activation of n-alkanes. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 3:146–154
38. Busca G, Finocchio E, Lorenzelli V, Ramis G, Baldi M (1999) IR studies on the activation of
C-H hydrocarbon bonds on oxidation catalysts. Catal Today 49:453–465
39. Limberg C (2003) The role of radicals in metal-assisted oxygenation reactions. Angew Chem
Int Ed 42:5932–5954
40. Mayer JM (1998) Hydrogen atom abstraction by metal−oxo complexes: understanding the
analogy with organic radical reactions. Acc Chem Res 31:441–450
41. Soper JD, Mayer JMJ (2003) Slow hydrogen atom self-exchange between Os(IV) anilide and
Os(III) aniline complexes: relationships with electron and proton transfer self-exchange. J Am
Chem Soc 125:12217–12229
42. Roberts BP (1999) Polarity-reversal catalysis of hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions: concepts
and applications in organic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 28:25–35
43. Fornés V, López C, López HH, Mart´ınez A (2003) Catalytic performance of mesoporous
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Gen 249:345–354
44. Kartheuser B, Hodnett BK (1993) Relationship between dispersion of vanadia on silica catalysts
and selectivity in the conversion of methane into formaldehyde. J Chem Soc Chem Commun
1093–1094
45. Koranne MM, Goodwin JG Jr, Marcelin G (1994) Partial oxidation of methane over silica- and
alumina-supported vanadia catalysts. J Catal 148:388–391
46. Irusta S, Cornaglia LM, Miró EE, Lombardo EA (1995) The role of V=O sites on the oxidation
of methane to formaldehyde over V/SiO 2 . J Catal 156:167–170
47. Irusta S, Marchi AJ, Lombardo EA, Miró EE (1996) Characterization of surface species on
V/SiO2 and V, Na/SiO2 and their role in the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde.
Catal Lett 40:9–16
48. Das N, Eckert H, Hu H, Wachs IE, Walzer JF, Feher FJ (1993) Bonding states of surface
vanadium(V) oxide phases on silica: structural characterization by 51 V NMR and Raman
spectroscopy. J Phys Chem 97:8240–8243
49. Wang CB, Herman RG, Shi C, Sun Q, Roberts JE (2003) V 2 O 5 -SiO 2 xerogels for methane
oxidation to oxygenates: preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties. Appl Catal A
247:321–333
50. Groothaert MH, Smeets PJ, Sels BF, Jacobs PA, Schoonheydt RA (2005) Selective oxidation
of methane by the bis(µ-oxo)dicopper core stabilized on ZSM-5 and mordenite zeolites. J Am
Chem Soc 127:1394–1395
51. Li Y, An D, Zhang Q, Wang Y (2008) Copper-catalyzed selective oxidation of methane by
oxygen: studies on catalytic behavior and functioning mechanism of CuO x /SBA-15. J Phys
Chem C 112:13700–13708
52. Panov GI, Sobolev VI, Dubkov KA, Parmon VN, Ovanesyan NS, Shilov AE, Shteinman AA
(1997) Iron complexes in zeolites as a new model of methane monooxygenase. React Kinet
Catal Lett 61:251–258
53. Smeets PJ, Groothaert MH, Schoonheydt RA (2005) Cu based zeolites: a UV-vis study of the
active site in the selective methane oxidation at low temperatures. Catal Today 110:303–309
54. Woertink JS, Smeets PJ, Groothaert MH, Vance MA, Sels BF, Schoonheydt RA, Solomon EIA
(2009) [Cu 2 O] 2+ core in Cu-ZSM-5, the active site in the oxidation of methane to methanol.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18908–18913
69
34. Fu G, Xu X, Lu X, Wan H (2005) Mechanisms of methane activation and transformation on
molybdenum oxide based catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 127:3989–3996
35. Kihlborg L (1963) Least squares refinement of the crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide.
Ark Kemi 21:357–364
36. Spencer ND, Pereira CJ (1987) Partial oxidation of CH 4 to HCHO over a MoO 3 -SiO 2 catalyst:
a kinetic study. AIChE J 33:1808–1812
37. Kuba S, Heydorn PC, Grasselli RK, Gates BC, Che M, Kno¨zinger H (2001) Redox properties
of tungstated zirconia catalysts: relevance to the activation of n-alkanes. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 3:146–154
38. Busca G, Finocchio E, Lorenzelli V, Ramis G, Baldi M (1999) IR studies on the activation of
C-H hydrocarbon bonds on oxidation catalysts. Catal Today 49:453–465
39. Limberg C (2003) The role of radicals in metal-assisted oxygenation reactions. Angew Chem
Int Ed 42:5932–5954
40. Mayer JM (1998) Hydrogen atom abstraction by metal−oxo complexes: understanding the
analogy with organic radical reactions. Acc Chem Res 31:441–450
41. Soper JD, Mayer JMJ (2003) Slow hydrogen atom self-exchange between Os(IV) anilide and
Os(III) aniline complexes: relationships with electron and proton transfer self-exchange. J Am
Chem Soc 125:12217–12229
42. Roberts BP (1999) Polarity-reversal catalysis of hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions: concepts
and applications in organic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 28:25–35
43. Fornés V, López C, López HH, Mart´ınez A (2003) Catalytic performance of mesoporous
VO x /SBA-15 catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde. Appl Catal A:
Gen 249:345–354
44. Kartheuser B, Hodnett BK (1993) Relationship between dispersion of vanadia on silica catalysts
and selectivity in the conversion of methane into formaldehyde. J Chem Soc Chem Commun
1093–1094
45. Koranne MM, Goodwin JG Jr, Marcelin G (1994) Partial oxidation of methane over silica- and
alumina-supported vanadia catalysts. J Catal 148:388–391
46. Irusta S, Cornaglia LM, Miró EE, Lombardo EA (1995) The role of V=O sites on the oxidation
of methane to formaldehyde over V/SiO 2 . J Catal 156:167–170
47. Irusta S, Marchi AJ, Lombardo EA, Miró EE (1996) Characterization of surface species on
V/SiO2 and V, Na/SiO2 and their role in the partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde.
Catal Lett 40:9–16
48. Das N, Eckert H, Hu H, Wachs IE, Walzer JF, Feher FJ (1993) Bonding states of surface
vanadium(V) oxide phases on silica: structural characterization by 51 V NMR and Raman
spectroscopy. J Phys Chem 97:8240–8243
49. Wang CB, Herman RG, Shi C, Sun Q, Roberts JE (2003) V 2 O 5 -SiO 2 xerogels for methane
oxidation to oxygenates: preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties. Appl Catal A
247:321–333
50. Groothaert MH, Smeets PJ, Sels BF, Jacobs PA, Schoonheydt RA (2005) Selective oxidation
of methane by the bis(µ-oxo)dicopper core stabilized on ZSM-5 and mordenite zeolites. J Am
Chem Soc 127:1394–1395
51. Li Y, An D, Zhang Q, Wang Y (2008) Copper-catalyzed selective oxidation of methane by
oxygen: studies on catalytic behavior and functioning mechanism of CuO x /SBA-15. J Phys
Chem C 112:13700–13708
52. Panov GI, Sobolev VI, Dubkov KA, Parmon VN, Ovanesyan NS, Shilov AE, Shteinman AA
(1997) Iron complexes in zeolites as a new model of methane monooxygenase. React Kinet
Catal Lett 61:251–258
53. Smeets PJ, Groothaert MH, Schoonheydt RA (2005) Cu based zeolites: a UV-vis study of the
active site in the selective methane oxidation at low temperatures. Catal Today 110:303–309
54. Woertink JS, Smeets PJ, Groothaert MH, Vance MA, Sels BF, Schoonheydt RA, Solomon EIA
(2009) [Cu 2 O] 2+ core in Cu-ZSM-5, the active site in the oxidation of methane to methanol.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18908–18913