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63. Ngobeni MW, Carley AF, Scurrell MS, Nicolaides CP (2009) The effect of boron and silver on
the oxygen-free conversion of methane over Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalysts. J Mol Catal A: Chemical
305:40–46
64. Zhao J, Wang X, Zhang T, Tang J, Ren L, Li L, Lin L (2002) Promotion effect of Indium on
dehydroaromatization of methane over Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst without adding oxygen. Chin J
Catal 23:197–198
65. Chen L, Lin L, Xu Z, Li X, Zhang T (1995) Dehydro-oligomerization of methane to ethylene
and aromatics over Molybdenum/HZSM-5 catalyst. J Catal 157:190–200
66. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1996) Catalytic conversion of methane to benzene over
Mo/ZSM-5. Top Catal 3:289–297
67. Xu Y, Liu S, Wang L, Xie M, Guo X (1995) Methane activation without using oxidant over
Mo/HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Catal Lett 30:135–149
68. Tan PL, Au CT, Lai SY (2007) Effect of acidify ion and basify ion of impregnating solution on
the performance of Mo/HZSM-5 in methane aromaticzation. Appl Catal A: General 324:36–
41
69. Ma D, Lu Y, Su L, Xu Z, Tian Z, Xu Y, Lin L, Bao X (2002) Remarkable improvement on
the methane aromatization reaction: a highly selective and coking-resistant catalyst. J Phys
Chem B 106:8524–8530
70. Xu Y, Shu Y, Liu S, Huang J, Guo X (1995) Interaction between ammonium heptamolybdate
and NH 4 ZSM-5 zeolite: the location of Mo species and acidity of Mo/HZSM-5. Catal Lett
35:233–243
71. Borry RW III, Kim YH, Huffsmith A, Reimer JA, Iglesia E (1999) Structure and density of
Mo and acid sites in Mo-exchanged H-ZSM-5 catalysts for nonoxidative methane conversion.
J Phys Chem B 103:5787–5796
72. Li W, Meitzner GD, Borry RW III, Iglesia E (2000) Raman and X-ray absorption studies of
Mo species in Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalyst for non-oxidative CH 4 reaction. J Catal 191:373–383
73. Kim YH, Borry RW III, Iglesia E (2000) Genesis of methane activation sites in Mo-exchanged
H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 35–36:495–509
74. Minming H, Howe H (1987) Characterization of MoY zeolites prepared by aqueous ion
exchange. J Catal 108:283–293
75. Vahel A, Huebener S, Eichler B (1995) Thermochromatographic studies of oxide and
hydroxide species of molybdenum-model experiments with respect to the physico-chemical
characterization of element 106. Radiochi Acta 69:233–239
76. Giordano N, Bart JC, Vaghi A, Castellan A, Maritiotti G (1975) Structure and catalytic activity
of MoO3 Al2O3 systems I. Solid-state properties of oxidized catalysts. J Catal 36:81–92
77. Xu Y, Liu W, Wang ST, Wang L, Guo X (1996) Dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane
in the absence of oxygen on Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts before and after NH 4 OH extraction. Catal
Lett 40:207–214
78. Gao J, Zheng Y, Jehng JM, Tang Y, Wachs IE, Podkolzin SG (2015) Identification of
molybdenum oxide nanostructures on zeolite for natural gas conversion. Science 348:686–690
79. Rcie MJ, Chakraborty AK, Bell AT (1999) Al next nearest neighbor, ring occupant and
proximity statistics in ZSM-5. J Catal 186:222–227
80. Standicka K, Haber J, Kozlowski R (1977) The crystal structure of magnesium dimolybdate.
Acta Cryst B33:3859–3862
81. Savinelli RO, Scott SL (2010) Wavelet transform EXAFS analysis of mono- and dimolybdate
model compounds and a Mo/H-ZSM-5 dehydroaromatization catalyst. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 12:5660–5667
82. Bars PO, Le JY, Grandjean MD (1977) Etude de chromates, molybdates et tungstates hydrate’s
I. Etude structurale de MgMoO4 5H2O. Acta Crst B33:1155–1157
83. Amberg M, Günter JR, Schmalle H (1988) Preparation, crystal structure, and luminescence
of magnesium molybdate and tungstate monohydrate, MgMoO4 · H2O and MgWO4 · H 2 O.
J Solid State Chem 77:162–169
84. Zhou D, Ma D, Liu X, Bao X (2001) Study with density functional theory method on
methane dehydro-aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts I: optimization of active Mo
species bonded to ZSM-5 zeolite. J Chem Phys 114:9125–9129
161
63. Ngobeni MW, Carley AF, Scurrell MS, Nicolaides CP (2009) The effect of boron and silver on
the oxygen-free conversion of methane over Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalysts. J Mol Catal A: Chemical
305:40–46
64. Zhao J, Wang X, Zhang T, Tang J, Ren L, Li L, Lin L (2002) Promotion effect of Indium on
dehydroaromatization of methane over Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst without adding oxygen. Chin J
Catal 23:197–198
65. Chen L, Lin L, Xu Z, Li X, Zhang T (1995) Dehydro-oligomerization of methane to ethylene
and aromatics over Molybdenum/HZSM-5 catalyst. J Catal 157:190–200
66. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1996) Catalytic conversion of methane to benzene over
Mo/ZSM-5. Top Catal 3:289–297
67. Xu Y, Liu S, Wang L, Xie M, Guo X (1995) Methane activation without using oxidant over
Mo/HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Catal Lett 30:135–149
68. Tan PL, Au CT, Lai SY (2007) Effect of acidify ion and basify ion of impregnating solution on
the performance of Mo/HZSM-5 in methane aromaticzation. Appl Catal A: General 324:36–
41
69. Ma D, Lu Y, Su L, Xu Z, Tian Z, Xu Y, Lin L, Bao X (2002) Remarkable improvement on
the methane aromatization reaction: a highly selective and coking-resistant catalyst. J Phys
Chem B 106:8524–8530
70. Xu Y, Shu Y, Liu S, Huang J, Guo X (1995) Interaction between ammonium heptamolybdate
and NH 4 ZSM-5 zeolite: the location of Mo species and acidity of Mo/HZSM-5. Catal Lett
35:233–243
71. Borry RW III, Kim YH, Huffsmith A, Reimer JA, Iglesia E (1999) Structure and density of
Mo and acid sites in Mo-exchanged H-ZSM-5 catalysts for nonoxidative methane conversion.
J Phys Chem B 103:5787–5796
72. Li W, Meitzner GD, Borry RW III, Iglesia E (2000) Raman and X-ray absorption studies of
Mo species in Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalyst for non-oxidative CH 4 reaction. J Catal 191:373–383
73. Kim YH, Borry RW III, Iglesia E (2000) Genesis of methane activation sites in Mo-exchanged
H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 35–36:495–509
74. Minming H, Howe H (1987) Characterization of MoY zeolites prepared by aqueous ion
exchange. J Catal 108:283–293
75. Vahel A, Huebener S, Eichler B (1995) Thermochromatographic studies of oxide and
hydroxide species of molybdenum-model experiments with respect to the physico-chemical
characterization of element 106. Radiochi Acta 69:233–239
76. Giordano N, Bart JC, Vaghi A, Castellan A, Maritiotti G (1975) Structure and catalytic activity
of MoO3 Al2O3 systems I. Solid-state properties of oxidized catalysts. J Catal 36:81–92
77. Xu Y, Liu W, Wang ST, Wang L, Guo X (1996) Dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane
in the absence of oxygen on Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts before and after NH 4 OH extraction. Catal
Lett 40:207–214
78. Gao J, Zheng Y, Jehng JM, Tang Y, Wachs IE, Podkolzin SG (2015) Identification of
molybdenum oxide nanostructures on zeolite for natural gas conversion. Science 348:686–690
79. Rcie MJ, Chakraborty AK, Bell AT (1999) Al next nearest neighbor, ring occupant and
proximity statistics in ZSM-5. J Catal 186:222–227
80. Standicka K, Haber J, Kozlowski R (1977) The crystal structure of magnesium dimolybdate.
Acta Cryst B33:3859–3862
81. Savinelli RO, Scott SL (2010) Wavelet transform EXAFS analysis of mono- and dimolybdate
model compounds and a Mo/H-ZSM-5 dehydroaromatization catalyst. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 12:5660–5667
82. Bars PO, Le JY, Grandjean MD (1977) Etude de chromates, molybdates et tungstates hydrate’s
I. Etude structurale de MgMoO4 5H2O. Acta Crst B33:1155–1157
83. Amberg M, Günter JR, Schmalle H (1988) Preparation, crystal structure, and luminescence
of magnesium molybdate and tungstate monohydrate, MgMoO4 · H2O and MgWO4 · H 2 O.
J Solid State Chem 77:162–169
84. Zhou D, Ma D, Liu X, Bao X (2001) Study with density functional theory method on
methane dehydro-aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts I: optimization of active Mo
species bonded to ZSM-5 zeolite. J Chem Phys 114:9125–9129