2 Mechanism of Population Inversion in N 2
+
39
Acknowledgements This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants no. JP15K17805,
no. JP24245003, and no. JP15H05696.
References
1. V. Kocharovsky, S. Cameron, K. Lehmann, R. Lucht, R. Miles, Y. Rostovtsev, W. Warren,
G.R. Welch, M.O. Scully, Gain-swept superradiance applied to the stand-off detection of trace
impurities in the atmosphere. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102, 7806 (2005)
2. P.R. Hemmer, R.B. Miles, P. Polynkin, T. Siebert, A.V. Sokolov, P. Sprangle, M.O. Scully,
Standoff spectroscopy via remote generation of a backward-propagating laser beam. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 108, 3130 (2011) 21297033 [pmid]
3. Q. Luo, W. Liu, S. Chin, Lasing action in air induced by ultra-fast laser filamentation. Appl.
Phys. B 76, 337 (2003)
4. A. Dogariu, J.B. Michael, M.O. Scully, R.B. Miles, High-gain backward lasing in air. Science
331, 442 (2011)
5. J. Yao, B. Zeng, H. Xu, G. Li, W. Chu, J. Ni, H. Zhang, S.L. Chin, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Highbrightness switchable multiwavelength remote laser in air. Phys. Rev. A 84, 051802 (2011)
6. H. Xu, E. Lötstedt, A. Iwasaki, K. Yamanouchi, Sub-10-fs population inversion in N 2
+ in air
lasing through multiple state coupling. Nat. Commun. 6, 8347 (2015)
7. A. Zhang, Q. Liang, M. Lei, L. Yuan, Y. Liu, Z. Fan, X. Zhang, S. Zhuang, C. Wu, Q. Gong,
H. Jiang, Coherent modulation of superradiance from nitrogen ions pumped with femtosecond
pulses. Opt. Express 27, 12638 (2019)
8. J. Chen, J. Yao, H. Zhang, Z. Liu, B. Xu, W. Chu, L. Qiao, Z. Wang, J. Fatome, O. Faucher, C.
Wu, Y. Cheng, Electronic-coherence-mediated molecular nitrogen-ion lasing in a strong laser
field. Phys. Rev. A 100, 031402 (2019)
9. H. Xie, Q. Zhang, G. Li, X. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Chen, H. Lei, Z. Zhao, Vibrational population
transfer between electronic states of N 2
+ in polarization-modulated intense laser fields. Phys.
Rev. A 100, 053419 (2019)
10. G. Li, C. Jing, B. Zeng, H. Xie, J. Yao, W. Chu, J. Ni, H. Zhang, H. Xu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Signature of superradiance from a nitrogen-gas plasma channel produced by strong-field ionization.
Phys. Rev. A 89, 033833 (2014)
11. Y. Liu, P. Ding, G. Lambert, A. Houard, V. Tikhonchuk, A. Mysyrowicz, Recollision-induced
superradiance of ionized nitrogen molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 133203 (2015)
12. X. Zhong, Z. Miao, L. Zhang, Q. Liang, M. Lei, H. Jiang, Y. Liu, Q. Gong, C. Wu, Vibrational
and electronic excitation of ionized nitrogen molecules in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 96,
043422 (2017)
13. X. Zhong, Z. Miao, L. Zhang, H. Jiang, Y. Liu, Q. Gong, C. Wu, Optimizing the 391-nm lasing
intensity from ionized nitrogen molecules in 800-nm femtosecond laser fields. Phys. Rev. A
97, 033409 (2018)
14. J. Ni, W. Chu, C. Jing, H. Zhang, B. Zeng, J. Yao, G. Li, H. Xie, C. Zhang, H. Xu, S.-L.
Chin, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Identification of the physical mechanism of generation of coherent
N 2
+ emissions in air by femtosecond laser excitation. Opt. Express 21, 8746 (2013)
15. J. Yao, S. Jiang, W. Chu, B. Zeng, C. Wu, R. Lu, Z. Li, H. Xie, G. Li, C. Yu, Z. Wang, H. Jiang,
Q. Gong, Y. Cheng, Population redistribution among multiple electronic states of molecular
nitrogen ions in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 143007 (2016)
16. V.T. Tikhonchuk, J.-F. Tremblay-Bugeaud, Y. Liu, A. Houard, A. Mysyrowicz, Excitation of
nitrogen molecular ions in a strong laser field by electron recollisions. Euro. Phys. J. D 71, 292
(2017)
17. M. Britton, P. Laferrière, D.H. Ko, Z. Li, F. Kong, G. Brown, A. Naumov, C. Zhang, L. Arissian,
P.B. Corkum, Testing the role of recollision in N 2
+ air lasing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 133208
(2018)
+
39
Acknowledgements This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants no. JP15K17805,
no. JP24245003, and no. JP15H05696.
References
1. V. Kocharovsky, S. Cameron, K. Lehmann, R. Lucht, R. Miles, Y. Rostovtsev, W. Warren,
G.R. Welch, M.O. Scully, Gain-swept superradiance applied to the stand-off detection of trace
impurities in the atmosphere. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102, 7806 (2005)
2. P.R. Hemmer, R.B. Miles, P. Polynkin, T. Siebert, A.V. Sokolov, P. Sprangle, M.O. Scully,
Standoff spectroscopy via remote generation of a backward-propagating laser beam. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 108, 3130 (2011) 21297033 [pmid]
3. Q. Luo, W. Liu, S. Chin, Lasing action in air induced by ultra-fast laser filamentation. Appl.
Phys. B 76, 337 (2003)
4. A. Dogariu, J.B. Michael, M.O. Scully, R.B. Miles, High-gain backward lasing in air. Science
331, 442 (2011)
5. J. Yao, B. Zeng, H. Xu, G. Li, W. Chu, J. Ni, H. Zhang, S.L. Chin, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Highbrightness switchable multiwavelength remote laser in air. Phys. Rev. A 84, 051802 (2011)
6. H. Xu, E. Lötstedt, A. Iwasaki, K. Yamanouchi, Sub-10-fs population inversion in N 2
+ in air
lasing through multiple state coupling. Nat. Commun. 6, 8347 (2015)
7. A. Zhang, Q. Liang, M. Lei, L. Yuan, Y. Liu, Z. Fan, X. Zhang, S. Zhuang, C. Wu, Q. Gong,
H. Jiang, Coherent modulation of superradiance from nitrogen ions pumped with femtosecond
pulses. Opt. Express 27, 12638 (2019)
8. J. Chen, J. Yao, H. Zhang, Z. Liu, B. Xu, W. Chu, L. Qiao, Z. Wang, J. Fatome, O. Faucher, C.
Wu, Y. Cheng, Electronic-coherence-mediated molecular nitrogen-ion lasing in a strong laser
field. Phys. Rev. A 100, 031402 (2019)
9. H. Xie, Q. Zhang, G. Li, X. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Chen, H. Lei, Z. Zhao, Vibrational population
transfer between electronic states of N 2
+ in polarization-modulated intense laser fields. Phys.
Rev. A 100, 053419 (2019)
10. G. Li, C. Jing, B. Zeng, H. Xie, J. Yao, W. Chu, J. Ni, H. Zhang, H. Xu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Signature of superradiance from a nitrogen-gas plasma channel produced by strong-field ionization.
Phys. Rev. A 89, 033833 (2014)
11. Y. Liu, P. Ding, G. Lambert, A. Houard, V. Tikhonchuk, A. Mysyrowicz, Recollision-induced
superradiance of ionized nitrogen molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 133203 (2015)
12. X. Zhong, Z. Miao, L. Zhang, Q. Liang, M. Lei, H. Jiang, Y. Liu, Q. Gong, C. Wu, Vibrational
and electronic excitation of ionized nitrogen molecules in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 96,
043422 (2017)
13. X. Zhong, Z. Miao, L. Zhang, H. Jiang, Y. Liu, Q. Gong, C. Wu, Optimizing the 391-nm lasing
intensity from ionized nitrogen molecules in 800-nm femtosecond laser fields. Phys. Rev. A
97, 033409 (2018)
14. J. Ni, W. Chu, C. Jing, H. Zhang, B. Zeng, J. Yao, G. Li, H. Xie, C. Zhang, H. Xu, S.-L.
Chin, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, Identification of the physical mechanism of generation of coherent
N 2
+ emissions in air by femtosecond laser excitation. Opt. Express 21, 8746 (2013)
15. J. Yao, S. Jiang, W. Chu, B. Zeng, C. Wu, R. Lu, Z. Li, H. Xie, G. Li, C. Yu, Z. Wang, H. Jiang,
Q. Gong, Y. Cheng, Population redistribution among multiple electronic states of molecular
nitrogen ions in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 143007 (2016)
16. V.T. Tikhonchuk, J.-F. Tremblay-Bugeaud, Y. Liu, A. Houard, A. Mysyrowicz, Excitation of
nitrogen molecular ions in a strong laser field by electron recollisions. Euro. Phys. J. D 71, 292
(2017)
17. M. Britton, P. Laferrière, D.H. Ko, Z. Li, F. Kong, G. Brown, A. Naumov, C. Zhang, L. Arissian,
P.B. Corkum, Testing the role of recollision in N 2
+ air lasing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 133208
(2018)