1 Introduction
47
1.3.2 Industrial Oil Plant in Asia
Oil plants are an important source of edible vegetable oil and protein. Oil production and supply are closely related to people’s life, agricultural products processing,
animal husbandry and grain rotation system. They occupy an important position in
national, economic and social development. Japan and South Korea have been the
world’s major importers of oil crops and vegetable oil for a long time. In recent
years, imports of China and India have continued to increase, which has shaken the
development of their vegetable oil industry. Japan mainly imports soybeans and rapeseeds. South Korea has changed from a major imported oil crops to a fully imported
oil crops and vegetable oil. Over the past two decades, import markets of the world
oil crops and vegetable oil have moved rapidly from countries of organization for
economic cooperation and development to developing countries. The majority of
import growth has occurred in Asia [32].
As two major palm oil exporters in the world, Malaysia and Indonesia impose
higher export taxes on crude palm oil than refined palm oil to promote the export of
high value-added products. About 80% of Malaysia’s palm oil production is exported,
which determines the vegetable oil market in India, China and Pakistan. Indonesia
is also continuing to expand its export market. But unlike Malaysia, the main goal
of Indonesia is to ensure enough edible oil supplies for its 220 million people [33].
Since the mid-1990s, India’s edible oil imports have grown rapidly and became
the world’s largest importer of vegetable oils in a few years. The huge population and
stable economic growth are the basis for India’s edible oil consumption and import
growth, but policy also plays an important role.
Japanese vegetable oil market is dominated by rapeseed oil, soybean oil and palm
oil. Palm oil is all dependent on imports. Most soybean oil and rapeseed oil are
squeezed by domestic companies. The Japanese oil pressing industry mainly relies
on imported oil crops and all domestically produced soybeans and peanuts are almost
used for food processing.
South Korea’s oil pressing department also relies on imported raw materials.
Like Japan, South Korea does not restrict oil imports, but imposes certain tariffs on
vegetable oil imports. Geographical location of South Korea is adjacent to China
and Japan. The transportation costs of imported oil crops and vegetable oil from the
United States, Argentina, Brazil and Canada are relatively close.
Chinese oil crops mainly include rapeseed, peanuts, soybeans, sesame, sunflower,
flax, etc. The sum of rapeseed, peanut, soybean acreage and total output accounts for
more than 90% of oil crops, which is the main part of oil production and consumption. Among the domestic field crops, planting area, production, output value and
employment of farmers of oil crops are second only to rice, wheat and corn. Since the
reform and opening up, Chinese oil crop production has generally developed rapidly,
reaching the highest level during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.
According to the statistics released by the Ministry of Agriculture, the annual
planting area of the national oil crops, including rapeseed, peanut, sunflower, sesame
and flax, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period was 13.855 million hm
2 , 13.93
47
1.3.2 Industrial Oil Plant in Asia
Oil plants are an important source of edible vegetable oil and protein. Oil production and supply are closely related to people’s life, agricultural products processing,
animal husbandry and grain rotation system. They occupy an important position in
national, economic and social development. Japan and South Korea have been the
world’s major importers of oil crops and vegetable oil for a long time. In recent
years, imports of China and India have continued to increase, which has shaken the
development of their vegetable oil industry. Japan mainly imports soybeans and rapeseeds. South Korea has changed from a major imported oil crops to a fully imported
oil crops and vegetable oil. Over the past two decades, import markets of the world
oil crops and vegetable oil have moved rapidly from countries of organization for
economic cooperation and development to developing countries. The majority of
import growth has occurred in Asia [32].
As two major palm oil exporters in the world, Malaysia and Indonesia impose
higher export taxes on crude palm oil than refined palm oil to promote the export of
high value-added products. About 80% of Malaysia’s palm oil production is exported,
which determines the vegetable oil market in India, China and Pakistan. Indonesia
is also continuing to expand its export market. But unlike Malaysia, the main goal
of Indonesia is to ensure enough edible oil supplies for its 220 million people [33].
Since the mid-1990s, India’s edible oil imports have grown rapidly and became
the world’s largest importer of vegetable oils in a few years. The huge population and
stable economic growth are the basis for India’s edible oil consumption and import
growth, but policy also plays an important role.
Japanese vegetable oil market is dominated by rapeseed oil, soybean oil and palm
oil. Palm oil is all dependent on imports. Most soybean oil and rapeseed oil are
squeezed by domestic companies. The Japanese oil pressing industry mainly relies
on imported oil crops and all domestically produced soybeans and peanuts are almost
used for food processing.
South Korea’s oil pressing department also relies on imported raw materials.
Like Japan, South Korea does not restrict oil imports, but imposes certain tariffs on
vegetable oil imports. Geographical location of South Korea is adjacent to China
and Japan. The transportation costs of imported oil crops and vegetable oil from the
United States, Argentina, Brazil and Canada are relatively close.
Chinese oil crops mainly include rapeseed, peanuts, soybeans, sesame, sunflower,
flax, etc. The sum of rapeseed, peanut, soybean acreage and total output accounts for
more than 90% of oil crops, which is the main part of oil production and consumption. Among the domestic field crops, planting area, production, output value and
employment of farmers of oil crops are second only to rice, wheat and corn. Since the
reform and opening up, Chinese oil crop production has generally developed rapidly,
reaching the highest level during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.
According to the statistics released by the Ministry of Agriculture, the annual
planting area of the national oil crops, including rapeseed, peanut, sunflower, sesame
and flax, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period was 13.855 million hm
2 , 13.93