8 Oleochemistry Products
233
to coat fruits and vegetables or films coated with quaternary ammonium salts to
wrap potatoes [199].
4. Immobilization of antimicrobials to polymers by ion or covalent bonds. Few
examples of ionic and covalent immobilization of antimicrobials onto polymers
or other materials have been published [13]. This type of immobilization requires
indeed the presence of functional groups on both the antimicrobial and the polymer. Examples of antimicrobials with functional groups are peptides, enzymes,
polyamines and organic acids.
5. Use of polymers that are inherently antimicrobial. Some polymers are inherently
antimicrobial and have been used in films and coatings. Cationic polymers such
as chitosan and poly-L-lysine promote cell adhesion. Another study [76] proposed charged amines that interact with negative charges on the cell membrane,
causing leakage of intracellular constituents. Chitosan also has been used as a
coating medium and appears to protect fresh vegetables and fruits from fungal
degradation [45].
8.4 Paint and Coating
8.4.1 Introduction
A paint or coating is a formulation needed to cover materials to prevent corrosion
and wear. There are four constituents in the paint:
1. Binder: it keeps the film stable on a surface;
2. Pigment: it provides the colour to the coating;
3. Solvent: a volatile liquid that dilutes the binder and evaporate once applied;
4. Additives: wetting agents, flattening agents, driers, plasticizers, emulsifiers,
stabilizers, crosslinking agents.
The formulation of the four constituents strictly depends on the specific application. In the present paragraph, the main features and issues of the paint and coatings
are presented, together with some economic information. Attention will be paid on
bio-based constituents of paint and coatings.
Legislation related to air pollution has led the paint and coating industries to
develop ways to reduce the volatile organic content (VOC) of the solvent-borne
coatings without compromising the film performance and application characteristics
[12, 192]. Plant oils were one of the ideal raw materials in the preparation of coating
materials. Plant oil is suitable for the preparation of alkyds [150], where the oils
have high molecular weight and high iodine values to enable the resins to be airdry, and they are widely used for coatings [18]. Novel renewable green waterborne
coating system based on plant oil was developed to coat wood including alkyds or
polyurethane dispersions [166].
233
to coat fruits and vegetables or films coated with quaternary ammonium salts to
wrap potatoes [199].
4. Immobilization of antimicrobials to polymers by ion or covalent bonds. Few
examples of ionic and covalent immobilization of antimicrobials onto polymers
or other materials have been published [13]. This type of immobilization requires
indeed the presence of functional groups on both the antimicrobial and the polymer. Examples of antimicrobials with functional groups are peptides, enzymes,
polyamines and organic acids.
5. Use of polymers that are inherently antimicrobial. Some polymers are inherently
antimicrobial and have been used in films and coatings. Cationic polymers such
as chitosan and poly-L-lysine promote cell adhesion. Another study [76] proposed charged amines that interact with negative charges on the cell membrane,
causing leakage of intracellular constituents. Chitosan also has been used as a
coating medium and appears to protect fresh vegetables and fruits from fungal
degradation [45].
8.4 Paint and Coating
8.4.1 Introduction
A paint or coating is a formulation needed to cover materials to prevent corrosion
and wear. There are four constituents in the paint:
1. Binder: it keeps the film stable on a surface;
2. Pigment: it provides the colour to the coating;
3. Solvent: a volatile liquid that dilutes the binder and evaporate once applied;
4. Additives: wetting agents, flattening agents, driers, plasticizers, emulsifiers,
stabilizers, crosslinking agents.
The formulation of the four constituents strictly depends on the specific application. In the present paragraph, the main features and issues of the paint and coatings
are presented, together with some economic information. Attention will be paid on
bio-based constituents of paint and coatings.
Legislation related to air pollution has led the paint and coating industries to
develop ways to reduce the volatile organic content (VOC) of the solvent-borne
coatings without compromising the film performance and application characteristics
[12, 192]. Plant oils were one of the ideal raw materials in the preparation of coating
materials. Plant oil is suitable for the preparation of alkyds [150], where the oils
have high molecular weight and high iodine values to enable the resins to be airdry, and they are widely used for coatings [18]. Novel renewable green waterborne
coating system based on plant oil was developed to coat wood including alkyds or
polyurethane dispersions [166].