1 Introduction
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different sources of infection. Disease nurseries can be divided into natural disease
nurseries and artificial disease nurseries.
Indoor identification: it is done in greenhouse, artificial climate room, plant
growth box or other artificial facilities through artificial vaccination to identify plant
disease resistance method which is called indoor identification. The indoor identification should strictly control the plant cultivation, pathogen vaccination method and
environmental conditions after vaccination, which can identify the disease resistance
of plants at each growth stage, but due to the limitation of space it is mainly used for
seedling stage identification.
In vitro organ identification: in vitro organs, tissues or cells are used as materials, inoculated with pathogens or toxin treatment to identify disease resistance,
so it is only suitable for identifying disease resistance that can be expressed at the
organ, tissue and cell level. In vitro leaves, branches, stems, spikes and so on are
the most important in vitro materials. In vitro materials need to be cultured in water
or culture medium and supplemented with plant hormones to maintain their normal
physiological state and disease resistance. In vitro identification, as a laboratoryaided identification method for disease resistance, not only has the advantages of
rapid operation and small space occupation. Its advantages are also reflected in the
fact that the resistance of the same plant material to different pathogens or different physiological races can be measured at the same time, and that the whole plant
cannot be infected, and several physiological races of several diseases or the same
disease can be determined at the same time for individual plants. It can also identify
the contemporary disease resistance of any single plant in the field and hinder its
fruiting. It is convenient to select resistant individual plants among the progenies of
key hybrid combinations.
Identification of toxin activity: many crop experiments showed that the sensitivity of hosts to pathogenic bacteria was positively correlated with the sensitivity
to toxins, and the resistance to toxins at the cell level was consistent with that in the
field. The resistance of plants to pathogenic bacteria and toxins was also positively
correlated with the resistance of their cell membrane systems. Bioassay or resistance
methods were often used to identify and screen cells and plant resistance.
Cytological identification and screening: this method is designed according to
the theory of partial inhibition of cell division by Trichoderma in resistant hosts, and
is suitable for infectious wilting diseases caused by Fusarium and various species of
Trichoderma.
Identification and screening of cell tissue culture techniques: in the process of
tissue culture, disease resistant mutations could be induced by physical and chemical
factors, and further isolated, selected and purified, and the resistant mutants could
be screened out, which could be selected in vitro under artificial control. The physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic mechanisms of disease resistance were
explored by isotopic tracer and semi-microanalysis at the cell, tissue and whole plant
levels, and the resistant mutant plants were identified and screened out.
Biochemical identification and screening: isozyme analysis, resistance component analysis, serological methods and other biochemical techniques were used to
identify and screen resistant plants. It has been found that potato resistance to late
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different sources of infection. Disease nurseries can be divided into natural disease
nurseries and artificial disease nurseries.
Indoor identification: it is done in greenhouse, artificial climate room, plant
growth box or other artificial facilities through artificial vaccination to identify plant
disease resistance method which is called indoor identification. The indoor identification should strictly control the plant cultivation, pathogen vaccination method and
environmental conditions after vaccination, which can identify the disease resistance
of plants at each growth stage, but due to the limitation of space it is mainly used for
seedling stage identification.
In vitro organ identification: in vitro organs, tissues or cells are used as materials, inoculated with pathogens or toxin treatment to identify disease resistance,
so it is only suitable for identifying disease resistance that can be expressed at the
organ, tissue and cell level. In vitro leaves, branches, stems, spikes and so on are
the most important in vitro materials. In vitro materials need to be cultured in water
or culture medium and supplemented with plant hormones to maintain their normal
physiological state and disease resistance. In vitro identification, as a laboratoryaided identification method for disease resistance, not only has the advantages of
rapid operation and small space occupation. Its advantages are also reflected in the
fact that the resistance of the same plant material to different pathogens or different physiological races can be measured at the same time, and that the whole plant
cannot be infected, and several physiological races of several diseases or the same
disease can be determined at the same time for individual plants. It can also identify
the contemporary disease resistance of any single plant in the field and hinder its
fruiting. It is convenient to select resistant individual plants among the progenies of
key hybrid combinations.
Identification of toxin activity: many crop experiments showed that the sensitivity of hosts to pathogenic bacteria was positively correlated with the sensitivity
to toxins, and the resistance to toxins at the cell level was consistent with that in the
field. The resistance of plants to pathogenic bacteria and toxins was also positively
correlated with the resistance of their cell membrane systems. Bioassay or resistance
methods were often used to identify and screen cells and plant resistance.
Cytological identification and screening: this method is designed according to
the theory of partial inhibition of cell division by Trichoderma in resistant hosts, and
is suitable for infectious wilting diseases caused by Fusarium and various species of
Trichoderma.
Identification and screening of cell tissue culture techniques: in the process of
tissue culture, disease resistant mutations could be induced by physical and chemical
factors, and further isolated, selected and purified, and the resistant mutants could
be screened out, which could be selected in vitro under artificial control. The physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic mechanisms of disease resistance were
explored by isotopic tracer and semi-microanalysis at the cell, tissue and whole plant
levels, and the resistant mutant plants were identified and screened out.
Biochemical identification and screening: isozyme analysis, resistance component analysis, serological methods and other biochemical techniques were used to
identify and screen resistant plants. It has been found that potato resistance to late