6 By-Products of Biodiesel and Their Recycling
171
force, the separation process will become more efficient.
➁ Vacuum pump. The vacuum state as in vacuum evaporation is achieved through
vacuum pump. The vacuum pump applicable in glycerol solution evaporation can
be a mechanical vacuum pump, a water jet pump, or a steam jet pump. The selection of the proper equipment is based on the vacuum level and air displacement
capacity required, referring to specific on-site conditions.
A. Mechanical vacuum pump. This pump has a limited vacuum level and a low air
extraction capacity. If the evaporation process does not require a strict vacuum level,
mechanical vacuum pump can be a proper option. However, glycerol evaporation
normally generates a huge amount of steam, which requires a high air extraction
capacity of the vacuum pump. If a mechanical vacuum pump is selected, a condenser
of a certain capacity should be installed between the pump and the evaporation
equipment, in order to ensure the required vacuum level for the pump to function
properly.
B. Water jet pump. This pump has a limited vacuum level but a high air extraction
capacity. If the glycerol evaporation process does not require a strict vacuum level,
water jet pump can be a proper option. Furthermore, this pump has a low energy
consumption and is resistant to damage, which lowers the glycerol production cost.
C. Steam jet pump. This pump can be categorized into single-stage and multi-stage
types. Multi-stage jet pump has a high vacuum level threshold and a high air extraction
capacity. It is applicable in the glycerol concentration process that demands a strict
vacuum level and a high air extraction capacity. The glycerol evaporation process
mostly adopts a two-stage or three-stage jet pump. Multi-stage pumps have strict
steam pressure requirements, larger steam consumption, more equipment investment,
and higher production cost. But it ensures high glycerol quality and recycling rate.
(3) Other equipment. In addition to the above equipment, the glycerol concentration process also requires auxiliary equipment including salt precipitation tank, salt
washing tank, separator, and steam condensate storage tank.
References
1. Chen J, Jiang JC, Xu JM et al (2011) Production of renewable liquid fuel by catalytic cracking
of soybean oil. Chem Indus For Prod 31(4):25–30
2. Chen J, Jiang JC, Xu JM (2010) Process research on the production of renewable liquid fuel
from catalytic cracking of soybean oil. In: International conference on chemical and biological
utilization of biomass resources
3. Choi JH, Jeong KJ, Dong Y et al (2006) Electro-oxidation of methanol and formic acid on
PtRu and PtAu for direct liquid fuel cells. J Power Sources 163(1):71–75
4. Consultant DJScmp (2006) Converting waste plastics into liquid fuel by pyrolysis: developments in China. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 28
5. Demirba¸ s A (2000) Conversion of biomass using glycerin to liquid fuel for blending gasoline
as alternative engine fuel. Energy Convers Manag 41(16):1741–1748
6. Dote Y, Sawayama S, Inoue S et al (1994) Recovery of liquid fuel from hydrocarbon-rich
microalgae by thermochemical liquefaction. Fuel 73(12):1855–1857
171
force, the separation process will become more efficient.
➁ Vacuum pump. The vacuum state as in vacuum evaporation is achieved through
vacuum pump. The vacuum pump applicable in glycerol solution evaporation can
be a mechanical vacuum pump, a water jet pump, or a steam jet pump. The selection of the proper equipment is based on the vacuum level and air displacement
capacity required, referring to specific on-site conditions.
A. Mechanical vacuum pump. This pump has a limited vacuum level and a low air
extraction capacity. If the evaporation process does not require a strict vacuum level,
mechanical vacuum pump can be a proper option. However, glycerol evaporation
normally generates a huge amount of steam, which requires a high air extraction
capacity of the vacuum pump. If a mechanical vacuum pump is selected, a condenser
of a certain capacity should be installed between the pump and the evaporation
equipment, in order to ensure the required vacuum level for the pump to function
properly.
B. Water jet pump. This pump has a limited vacuum level but a high air extraction
capacity. If the glycerol evaporation process does not require a strict vacuum level,
water jet pump can be a proper option. Furthermore, this pump has a low energy
consumption and is resistant to damage, which lowers the glycerol production cost.
C. Steam jet pump. This pump can be categorized into single-stage and multi-stage
types. Multi-stage jet pump has a high vacuum level threshold and a high air extraction
capacity. It is applicable in the glycerol concentration process that demands a strict
vacuum level and a high air extraction capacity. The glycerol evaporation process
mostly adopts a two-stage or three-stage jet pump. Multi-stage pumps have strict
steam pressure requirements, larger steam consumption, more equipment investment,
and higher production cost. But it ensures high glycerol quality and recycling rate.
(3) Other equipment. In addition to the above equipment, the glycerol concentration process also requires auxiliary equipment including salt precipitation tank, salt
washing tank, separator, and steam condensate storage tank.
References
1. Chen J, Jiang JC, Xu JM et al (2011) Production of renewable liquid fuel by catalytic cracking
of soybean oil. Chem Indus For Prod 31(4):25–30
2. Chen J, Jiang JC, Xu JM (2010) Process research on the production of renewable liquid fuel
from catalytic cracking of soybean oil. In: International conference on chemical and biological
utilization of biomass resources
3. Choi JH, Jeong KJ, Dong Y et al (2006) Electro-oxidation of methanol and formic acid on
PtRu and PtAu for direct liquid fuel cells. J Power Sources 163(1):71–75
4. Consultant DJScmp (2006) Converting waste plastics into liquid fuel by pyrolysis: developments in China. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 28
5. Demirba¸ s A (2000) Conversion of biomass using glycerin to liquid fuel for blending gasoline
as alternative engine fuel. Energy Convers Manag 41(16):1741–1748
6. Dote Y, Sawayama S, Inoue S et al (1994) Recovery of liquid fuel from hydrocarbon-rich
microalgae by thermochemical liquefaction. Fuel 73(12):1855–1857