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M. Kiran Raj and S. Chakraborty
where γ is the surface tension. However, under special conditions, they can also
deform a solid object like a thin membrane and extremely soft gels. Interesting applications on micro- and millistructures are demonstrated to control the geometries, for
example, in the case of capillary origami which skilfully employs the bending, buckling, and coiling deformations on simple membranes to generate unique structures
without any external forces. Further, there are many micro- and nano-engineered
biomimetic systems based on interesting phenomena in nature like hummingbird’s
tongue.
7.3 Wearable Sensors
Deformable microchannels constitute an integral constituent in the wearable sensors.
They are fabricated by filling deformable microchannels with conductive liquids.
With the soft lithographic techniques, lightweight and highly biocompatible backbones for sensors are developed which are seamlessly integrated with the organs.
Upon acted by strain or any mechanical stimuli, they respond by transferring the
output to the adjoining electronic circuitry which then decides the action to be taken
based on the task at hand. They find extensive application in tactile sensing, fitness
tracking, disease monitoring, and prosthesis which are increasingly becoming ‘smart’
with the integration of in-built computers. Needless to say, these are highly interdisciplinary in nature and experts from a myriad of backgrounds from clinical biology
to electronics are involved in the development to work in a streamlined manner to
achieve the end product to hit a competitive market like healthcare.
7.4 Artificial Organs and AI
The organ-on-chip concept is envisaged to do the functions of organs on tiny chips
for diagnostic as well as therapeutic benefits which can be implanted in a body and
monitored live. Advanced prototyping techniques like 3D bioprinting can aid in the
fabrication of biocompatible implants and organ parts. The latest developments are
in the bioinformatics and AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based healthcare monitoring
utilizing big data analytics for patient information database to strategize the treatments specifically for each individual. Genetic mapping can tailor the medicines and
targeted drug delivery will ensure its accurate delivery with minimum side effects.
With the right information about the end-user, we can now generate the most suitable
form of the organ for the subject. Especially in the case of patient data like Computed
Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, AI proved to a
game-changer employing the tools from machine learning, big data analytics, fuzzy
logic, evolutionary algorithms, and neural networks. The entire flow system in a
body can be mapped accurately, thereby identifying the problems like blockage and
stenosis. The AI engines coupled with the cloud computing platform running the
M. Kiran Raj and S. Chakraborty
where γ is the surface tension. However, under special conditions, they can also
deform a solid object like a thin membrane and extremely soft gels. Interesting applications on micro- and millistructures are demonstrated to control the geometries, for
example, in the case of capillary origami which skilfully employs the bending, buckling, and coiling deformations on simple membranes to generate unique structures
without any external forces. Further, there are many micro- and nano-engineered
biomimetic systems based on interesting phenomena in nature like hummingbird’s
tongue.
7.3 Wearable Sensors
Deformable microchannels constitute an integral constituent in the wearable sensors.
They are fabricated by filling deformable microchannels with conductive liquids.
With the soft lithographic techniques, lightweight and highly biocompatible backbones for sensors are developed which are seamlessly integrated with the organs.
Upon acted by strain or any mechanical stimuli, they respond by transferring the
output to the adjoining electronic circuitry which then decides the action to be taken
based on the task at hand. They find extensive application in tactile sensing, fitness
tracking, disease monitoring, and prosthesis which are increasingly becoming ‘smart’
with the integration of in-built computers. Needless to say, these are highly interdisciplinary in nature and experts from a myriad of backgrounds from clinical biology
to electronics are involved in the development to work in a streamlined manner to
achieve the end product to hit a competitive market like healthcare.
7.4 Artificial Organs and AI
The organ-on-chip concept is envisaged to do the functions of organs on tiny chips
for diagnostic as well as therapeutic benefits which can be implanted in a body and
monitored live. Advanced prototyping techniques like 3D bioprinting can aid in the
fabrication of biocompatible implants and organ parts. The latest developments are
in the bioinformatics and AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based healthcare monitoring
utilizing big data analytics for patient information database to strategize the treatments specifically for each individual. Genetic mapping can tailor the medicines and
targeted drug delivery will ensure its accurate delivery with minimum side effects.
With the right information about the end-user, we can now generate the most suitable
form of the organ for the subject. Especially in the case of patient data like Computed
Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, AI proved to a
game-changer employing the tools from machine learning, big data analytics, fuzzy
logic, evolutionary algorithms, and neural networks. The entire flow system in a
body can be mapped accurately, thereby identifying the problems like blockage and
stenosis. The AI engines coupled with the cloud computing platform running the