Recent Advances in Free Surface Flows
137
Fig. 12 The variation of jet diameter (d jet ) along length for the parallel and perpendicular injections
at a t = 15 and b t = 40. These results are plotted upto the breakup locations. The rest of the
dimensionless parameters are Oh = 4 × 10 −3 , Bo = 0.06 and We = 4. This plot is taken from
Borthakur et al. [98]
The various dimensionless used in their study to describe the results are the Weber,
the Bond and the Reynolds numbers, defined as
We =
ρ l v
2
avg D
σ
, Re =
ρ l v avg D
μ l
,
(22)
where ρ l , μ l , v avg and D are the density, dynamic viscosity, average velocity of the
liquid and diameter of the nozzle, respectively. They found that the jet breakup length
increases with increase in the Weber and the Ohnesorge numbers. It is observed that
increasing the Bond number significantly increases the curvature of the jet trajectory. The detached drops from the main jet exhibit rolling motion, as well as, shape
oscillations while migrating along their trajectories. Uddin and Decent [103] also
considered a jet injected perpendicular to gravity and performed a linear instability
analysis to explore the nature of the most unstable wavenumber and the growth rate of
an infinitesimally small perturbation at the liquid surface. Suñol and González-Cinca
[104] carried out an experimentally studied liquid jets falling perpendicular to gravity. It was observed that the droplet size distribution was wider for the perpendicular
injection as compared to the parallel injection.
137
Fig. 12 The variation of jet diameter (d jet ) along length for the parallel and perpendicular injections
at a t = 15 and b t = 40. These results are plotted upto the breakup locations. The rest of the
dimensionless parameters are Oh = 4 × 10 −3 , Bo = 0.06 and We = 4. This plot is taken from
Borthakur et al. [98]
The various dimensionless used in their study to describe the results are the Weber,
the Bond and the Reynolds numbers, defined as
We =
ρ l v
2
avg D
σ
, Re =
ρ l v avg D
μ l
,
(22)
where ρ l , μ l , v avg and D are the density, dynamic viscosity, average velocity of the
liquid and diameter of the nozzle, respectively. They found that the jet breakup length
increases with increase in the Weber and the Ohnesorge numbers. It is observed that
increasing the Bond number significantly increases the curvature of the jet trajectory. The detached drops from the main jet exhibit rolling motion, as well as, shape
oscillations while migrating along their trajectories. Uddin and Decent [103] also
considered a jet injected perpendicular to gravity and performed a linear instability
analysis to explore the nature of the most unstable wavenumber and the growth rate of
an infinitesimally small perturbation at the liquid surface. Suñol and González-Cinca
[104] carried out an experimentally studied liquid jets falling perpendicular to gravity. It was observed that the droplet size distribution was wider for the perpendicular
injection as compared to the parallel injection.