13 Smart Learning Using Big and Small Data for Mobile and IOT e-Health
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and each has several subcategories. Most modules were allocated to the category
of daily care activities. Among the learning modules, those regarding specific care
activities were mostly created by new employees, whereas those regarding general
information for new employees were mainly created by experienced nurses (see
Fig. 13.1) [71].
Using these learning modules, the nurses’ explicit and implicit knowledge could
be visualized and utilized for instructing new employees to the ward. Furthermore, it
is now possible to tell the differences between what new employees and experienced
conversant nurses consider as important for acquisition. The findings could help
improve the training process of new employees. A main mobile app-based interface
was developed. Furthermore, speech-controlled smart glass-based interface was also
developed as a hands-free device for tasks such as preparing for an operation.
The nurses showed interest in the use of new technologies for supporting on-thejob training. However, there exist technical limitations, e.g., short battery lifetime,
inherent to the wearable interface, which significantly limit the use of such wearable
interfaces in real-life settings [97].
13.3.5 Case Study: Implicit Knowledge Learning for
Caregivers
In Germany, there are about 2.9 million people in need of care, with 1.38 million
being generally supplied by relatives only [98]. In this case study, Mobile Care
Backup (MoCaB), a support system for informal caregivers taking care of their
relatives, is developed in the form of a mobile application. The situation of caring for
a relative often comes spontaneous and surprising and so informal caregivers often
complain about a lack of required knowledge. Therefore, the main component of the
supportive system is a proactive knowledge provision. Besides this, the caregiving
relative receives instructional exercises for self-relief and support with his or her
organizational network. These knowledge-driven components account for the fact
that the knowledge demand of a caregiver differs from professional nurses, and
hence the knowledge provided must be comprehensive yet easy to interpret.
In this case study, experts in nursing science created 87 knowledge resources,
each of which was presented as a textual dialog with a caregiver. The knowledge
resources focus on fundamental topics and topics relevant to caregivers caring
relatives suffering from stroke or dementia.
In addition to knowledge resources, the experts also formulated delivery strategies regarding the care recipient’s disease, residential situation, and the duration of
the care situation. These strategies are implemented as an ontology using the web
ontology language (OWL). However, the experts were only able to formulate an
explicit delivery strategy for a very small number of knowledge resources as this
is not their main expertise. For the rest of knowledge resources, the experts were
not able to formulate such delivery strategies, but still indicated that these were
important topics to be covered.
623
and each has several subcategories. Most modules were allocated to the category
of daily care activities. Among the learning modules, those regarding specific care
activities were mostly created by new employees, whereas those regarding general
information for new employees were mainly created by experienced nurses (see
Fig. 13.1) [71].
Using these learning modules, the nurses’ explicit and implicit knowledge could
be visualized and utilized for instructing new employees to the ward. Furthermore, it
is now possible to tell the differences between what new employees and experienced
conversant nurses consider as important for acquisition. The findings could help
improve the training process of new employees. A main mobile app-based interface
was developed. Furthermore, speech-controlled smart glass-based interface was also
developed as a hands-free device for tasks such as preparing for an operation.
The nurses showed interest in the use of new technologies for supporting on-thejob training. However, there exist technical limitations, e.g., short battery lifetime,
inherent to the wearable interface, which significantly limit the use of such wearable
interfaces in real-life settings [97].
13.3.5 Case Study: Implicit Knowledge Learning for
Caregivers
In Germany, there are about 2.9 million people in need of care, with 1.38 million
being generally supplied by relatives only [98]. In this case study, Mobile Care
Backup (MoCaB), a support system for informal caregivers taking care of their
relatives, is developed in the form of a mobile application. The situation of caring for
a relative often comes spontaneous and surprising and so informal caregivers often
complain about a lack of required knowledge. Therefore, the main component of the
supportive system is a proactive knowledge provision. Besides this, the caregiving
relative receives instructional exercises for self-relief and support with his or her
organizational network. These knowledge-driven components account for the fact
that the knowledge demand of a caregiver differs from professional nurses, and
hence the knowledge provided must be comprehensive yet easy to interpret.
In this case study, experts in nursing science created 87 knowledge resources,
each of which was presented as a textual dialog with a caregiver. The knowledge
resources focus on fundamental topics and topics relevant to caregivers caring
relatives suffering from stroke or dementia.
In addition to knowledge resources, the experts also formulated delivery strategies regarding the care recipient’s disease, residential situation, and the duration of
the care situation. These strategies are implemented as an ontology using the web
ontology language (OWL). However, the experts were only able to formulate an
explicit delivery strategy for a very small number of knowledge resources as this
is not their main expertise. For the rest of knowledge resources, the experts were
not able to formulate such delivery strategies, but still indicated that these were
important topics to be covered.