1 IoT Fundamentals: Definitions, Architectures, Challenges, and Promises
37
city water authorities and customers. Water is a precious commodity for us and
it is vital that we manage it in an informed, thoughtful and efficient manner.
• Smart Waste – All cities produce waste and managing that waste is a difficult
challenge. The most used current solution to the waste problem is to use manual
collection based on a schedule set by a waste management company. The
schedule may or may not be effective as it depends on the details of the waste
management contract. The scope of the waste problem includes the collection,
transport, processing, and disposal of the various kinds of waste generated by
a city’s population. Some waste can be recovered by recycling techniques, but
this must be identified and separated and then transported to a recycling facility
for processing. The entire process must be managed and monitored all at the
cost of time, money, and labor. Improvements in the process can benefit all the
stakeholders, the city council, manufacturing plants and other companies, health
and safety authorities, and the people themselves. Using the Internet of Things
to improve the process involves adding sensors in the waste receptacles and in
the waste removal vehicles. These sensors can detect the amounts of garbage
and the types of garbage present. In this way, a logistics platform can match the
collection agents to the receptacles that are at or near capacity. The routes that
collection trucks use can be optimized for efficiency.
1.4.6.3 Examples of Smart City
There are some cities that are already embracing transformative IoT technologies
to improve the well-being of their citizens. For example, in Stockholm, a smart
management system in conjunction with smart applications has addressed traffic
and environmental issues in the city. The city implemented a policy of a shared
waste management vehicle fleet that resulted in better waste collection routes and
improved waste collection.
In Helsinki, the collective inputs of the citizens were leveraged by making over
1 thousand databases publicly available. The data concerned transport, economics,
employment, and overall well-being of the people in the city. This was done via an
open urban data platform, called the Helsinki Region Infoshare Project. The project
won the European Prize for Innovation in Public Administration for empowering the
citizens of the city. One of the chief results was to foster more public involvement
in policy- and decision-making in the city.
1.5 IoT Business Implications and Opportunities
Internet of Things is seen as a strategic topic in many industries. For example, in
2018 the number of job postings related to IoT in Germany doubled compared
to 2017 [19]. Bain & Company projected the global IoT market to reach $318
billion by 2021. Expectations are high regarding future IoT-based turnover [20]
37
city water authorities and customers. Water is a precious commodity for us and
it is vital that we manage it in an informed, thoughtful and efficient manner.
• Smart Waste – All cities produce waste and managing that waste is a difficult
challenge. The most used current solution to the waste problem is to use manual
collection based on a schedule set by a waste management company. The
schedule may or may not be effective as it depends on the details of the waste
management contract. The scope of the waste problem includes the collection,
transport, processing, and disposal of the various kinds of waste generated by
a city’s population. Some waste can be recovered by recycling techniques, but
this must be identified and separated and then transported to a recycling facility
for processing. The entire process must be managed and monitored all at the
cost of time, money, and labor. Improvements in the process can benefit all the
stakeholders, the city council, manufacturing plants and other companies, health
and safety authorities, and the people themselves. Using the Internet of Things
to improve the process involves adding sensors in the waste receptacles and in
the waste removal vehicles. These sensors can detect the amounts of garbage
and the types of garbage present. In this way, a logistics platform can match the
collection agents to the receptacles that are at or near capacity. The routes that
collection trucks use can be optimized for efficiency.
1.4.6.3 Examples of Smart City
There are some cities that are already embracing transformative IoT technologies
to improve the well-being of their citizens. For example, in Stockholm, a smart
management system in conjunction with smart applications has addressed traffic
and environmental issues in the city. The city implemented a policy of a shared
waste management vehicle fleet that resulted in better waste collection routes and
improved waste collection.
In Helsinki, the collective inputs of the citizens were leveraged by making over
1 thousand databases publicly available. The data concerned transport, economics,
employment, and overall well-being of the people in the city. This was done via an
open urban data platform, called the Helsinki Region Infoshare Project. The project
won the European Prize for Innovation in Public Administration for empowering the
citizens of the city. One of the chief results was to foster more public involvement
in policy- and decision-making in the city.
1.5 IoT Business Implications and Opportunities
Internet of Things is seen as a strategic topic in many industries. For example, in
2018 the number of job postings related to IoT in Germany doubled compared
to 2017 [19]. Bain & Company projected the global IoT market to reach $318
billion by 2021. Expectations are high regarding future IoT-based turnover [20]