25 Click Chemistry to Metal-Organic …
535
and enhanced cellular uptake as compared to the pristine MOF nanoparticles. More
recently, Willner et al. reported similar DNA-conjugated UiO-68 nanoparticles for a
dye/drug loading device and their controlled release by stimuli-responsiveness of the
DNA duplex [52, 53]. As another important application, nontoxic UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized by Forgan and coworkers. The surface of UiO-66 was wrapped
with amphiphilic PEG by the CuAAC [54]. More recently, the bioconjugation of
the MOF and microtubule was prepared by the CuACC between MOF and biotin,
followed by the conjugation among the streptavidin, biotinated-microtubes, and
streptavidin-MOF. Thus, the MOF were self-propelled on a kinesin-coated surface in
the presence of ATP as the fuel for the biomotor (Fig. 25.2b) [55]. Thus, the covalent
linkage between the MOF and biomacromolecules can be easily achieved by the
CuAAC as the PSM, and should become an important tool for the construction of
new biomedical devices.
25.6 Concluding Remarks
During the post-synthetic modification of the MOF, many functional groups were
successfully tagged into/onto the pristine MOFs by the CuAAC toward targeted
applications. The mild conditions and the wide tolerance for the functional groups of
the reagents and the solvents in the CuAAC seem to play a key role for the PSM of
the MOF. In other words, the PSM of the MOF by the CuAAC should become one
of the most important strategies for the fabrication of functional composite materials
of the MOF. Furthermore, although not detailed in this review, the CuAAC has been
used for synthesizing organic ridged ligands for the formation of the MOF. The click
chemistry has significantly contributed to the progress of the MOF research. We look
forward to further development of functional materials through the combination of
click chemistry and MOF.
References
1. Kitagawa, S., Kitaura, R., Noro, S.: Functional Porous Coordination Polymers. Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed. 43, 2334–2375 (2004)
2. Stock, N., Biswas, S.: synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): routes to various MOF
topologies, morphologies, and composites. Chem. Rev. 112, 933–969 (2012)
3. Furukawa, H., Cordova, K.E., O’Keeffe, M., Yaghi, O.M.: The chemistry and applications of
metal-organic frameworks. Science 341, 1230444 (2013)
4. Suh, M.P., Park, H.J., Prasad, T.K., Lim, D.-W.: Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks.
Chem. Rev. 112, 782–835 (2012)
5. Murray, L.J., Dinc˘ a, M., Long, J.R.: Hydrogen storage in metal–organic frameworks. Chem.
Soc. Rev. 38, 1294–1314 (2009)
6. Corma, A., García, H., Llabrés i Xamena, F.X.: Engineering metal organic frameworks for
heterogeneous catalysis. Chem. Rev. 110, 4606–4655 (2010)
535
and enhanced cellular uptake as compared to the pristine MOF nanoparticles. More
recently, Willner et al. reported similar DNA-conjugated UiO-68 nanoparticles for a
dye/drug loading device and their controlled release by stimuli-responsiveness of the
DNA duplex [52, 53]. As another important application, nontoxic UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized by Forgan and coworkers. The surface of UiO-66 was wrapped
with amphiphilic PEG by the CuAAC [54]. More recently, the bioconjugation of
the MOF and microtubule was prepared by the CuACC between MOF and biotin,
followed by the conjugation among the streptavidin, biotinated-microtubes, and
streptavidin-MOF. Thus, the MOF were self-propelled on a kinesin-coated surface in
the presence of ATP as the fuel for the biomotor (Fig. 25.2b) [55]. Thus, the covalent
linkage between the MOF and biomacromolecules can be easily achieved by the
CuAAC as the PSM, and should become an important tool for the construction of
new biomedical devices.
25.6 Concluding Remarks
During the post-synthetic modification of the MOF, many functional groups were
successfully tagged into/onto the pristine MOFs by the CuAAC toward targeted
applications. The mild conditions and the wide tolerance for the functional groups of
the reagents and the solvents in the CuAAC seem to play a key role for the PSM of
the MOF. In other words, the PSM of the MOF by the CuAAC should become one
of the most important strategies for the fabrication of functional composite materials
of the MOF. Furthermore, although not detailed in this review, the CuAAC has been
used for synthesizing organic ridged ligands for the formation of the MOF. The click
chemistry has significantly contributed to the progress of the MOF research. We look
forward to further development of functional materials through the combination of
click chemistry and MOF.
References
1. Kitagawa, S., Kitaura, R., Noro, S.: Functional Porous Coordination Polymers. Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed. 43, 2334–2375 (2004)
2. Stock, N., Biswas, S.: synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): routes to various MOF
topologies, morphologies, and composites. Chem. Rev. 112, 933–969 (2012)
3. Furukawa, H., Cordova, K.E., O’Keeffe, M., Yaghi, O.M.: The chemistry and applications of
metal-organic frameworks. Science 341, 1230444 (2013)
4. Suh, M.P., Park, H.J., Prasad, T.K., Lim, D.-W.: Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks.
Chem. Rev. 112, 782–835 (2012)
5. Murray, L.J., Dinc˘ a, M., Long, J.R.: Hydrogen storage in metal–organic frameworks. Chem.
Soc. Rev. 38, 1294–1314 (2009)
6. Corma, A., García, H., Llabrés i Xamena, F.X.: Engineering metal organic frameworks for
heterogeneous catalysis. Chem. Rev. 110, 4606–4655 (2010)