1 X-Ray Birefringence Imaging (XBI): A New Technique …
27
15. Collins, S.P., Laundy, D., Harris, K.D.M., Kariuki, B.M., Bauer, C.L., Brown, S.D., Thompson,
P.: X-ray linear dichroism in an α,ω-dibromoalkane/urea inclusion compound and its application to polarization analysis of magnetic diffraction. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 123–134
(2002)
16. Chao, M.-H., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Collins, S.P., Laundy, D.: Design of a solid
inclusion compound with optimal properties as a linear dichroic filter for X-ray polarization
analysis. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 42, 2982–2985 (2003)
17. Palmer, B.A., Collins, S.P., Hulliger, J., Hughes, C.E., Harris, K.D.M.: Determining molecular
orientations in disordered materials from X-ray linear dichroism at the iodine L 1 -edge. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 138, 16188–16191 (2016)
18. Jackson, J.D.: Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1998)
19. Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P.:
X-ray birefringence imaging. Science 344, 1013–1016 (2014)
20. Sutter, J.P., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P., Harris, K.D.M., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Palmer, B.A.:
Theoretical analysis of the background intensity distribution in X-ray Birefringence Imaging
using synchrotron bending-magnet radiation. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 164902 (2015)
21. Palmer, B.A., Kariuki, B.M., Morte-Ródenas, A., Harris, K.D.M.: Structural rationalization of the phase transition behavior in a solid organic inclusion compound: bromocyclohexane/thiourea. Cryst. Growth Des. 12, 577–582 (2012)
22. Zhou, Y., Patterson, R., Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Kumar, N.S.S.,
Bruce, D.W., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P., Malandain, A., Harris, K.D.M.: Spatially resolved
mapping of phase transitions in liquid-crystalline materials by X-ray birefringence imaging.
Chem. Sci. 10, 3005–3011 (2019)
23. Takeda, H., Sakurai, Y., Takenaka, S., Miyake, H., Doi, T., Kusabayashi, S., Takagi, T.: Molecular structure and smectic properties – the substituent effect on the smectic-A phase in biphenyl
ester systems. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, 3429–3435 (1990)
24. Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P.,
Sutter, J.P.: X-ray birefringence imaging of materials with anisotropic molecular dynamics. J.
Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 561–567 (2015)
25. Harris, K.D.M.: Meldola Lecture: understanding the properties of urea and thiourea inclusion
compounds. Chem. Soc. Rev. 26, 279–289 (1997)
26. Hollingsworth, M.D.: Crystal engineering: from structure to function. Science 295, 2410–2413
(2002)
27. Harris, K.D.M.: Fundamental and applied aspects of urea and thiourea inclusion compounds.
Supramol. Chem. 19, 47–53 (2007)
28. Smith, A.E.: The crystal structure of the urea-hydrocarbon complexes. Acta Crystallogr. 5,
224–235 (1952)
29. Harris, K.D.M., Thomas, J.M.: Structural aspects of urea inclusion compounds and their investigation by X-ray diffraction: a general discussion. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 86, 2985–2996
(1990)
30. Aliev, A.E., Smart, S.P., Shannon, I.J., Harris, K.D.M.: Structural and dynamic properties of the
1,10-dibromodecane/urea inclusion compound, investigated by variable-temperature powder
X-ray diffraction, solid-state 2 H NMR lineshape analysis and solid-state 2 H NMR spin-lattice
relaxation time measurements. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 2179–2185 (1996)
31. Yeo, L., Harris, K.D.M.: Definitive structural characterization of the conventional lowtemperature host structure in urea inclusion compounds. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 53, 822–830
(1997)
32. Guillaume, F., Smart, S.P., Harris, K.D.M., Dianoux, A.J.: Neutron scattering investigations of
guest molecular dynamics in α,ω-dibromoalkane-urea inclusion compounds. J. Phys. Condens.
Matter 6, 2169–2184 (1994)
33. Smart, S.P., El Baghdadi, A., Guillaume, F., Harris, K.D.M.: Conformational and vibrational properties of α,ω-dihalogenoalkane/urea inclusion compounds: a Raman scattering
investigation. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 90, 1313–1322 (1994)
27
15. Collins, S.P., Laundy, D., Harris, K.D.M., Kariuki, B.M., Bauer, C.L., Brown, S.D., Thompson,
P.: X-ray linear dichroism in an α,ω-dibromoalkane/urea inclusion compound and its application to polarization analysis of magnetic diffraction. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 123–134
(2002)
16. Chao, M.-H., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Collins, S.P., Laundy, D.: Design of a solid
inclusion compound with optimal properties as a linear dichroic filter for X-ray polarization
analysis. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 42, 2982–2985 (2003)
17. Palmer, B.A., Collins, S.P., Hulliger, J., Hughes, C.E., Harris, K.D.M.: Determining molecular
orientations in disordered materials from X-ray linear dichroism at the iodine L 1 -edge. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 138, 16188–16191 (2016)
18. Jackson, J.D.: Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1998)
19. Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P.:
X-ray birefringence imaging. Science 344, 1013–1016 (2014)
20. Sutter, J.P., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P., Harris, K.D.M., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Palmer, B.A.:
Theoretical analysis of the background intensity distribution in X-ray Birefringence Imaging
using synchrotron bending-magnet radiation. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 164902 (2015)
21. Palmer, B.A., Kariuki, B.M., Morte-Ródenas, A., Harris, K.D.M.: Structural rationalization of the phase transition behavior in a solid organic inclusion compound: bromocyclohexane/thiourea. Cryst. Growth Des. 12, 577–582 (2012)
22. Zhou, Y., Patterson, R., Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Kumar, N.S.S.,
Bruce, D.W., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P., Malandain, A., Harris, K.D.M.: Spatially resolved
mapping of phase transitions in liquid-crystalline materials by X-ray birefringence imaging.
Chem. Sci. 10, 3005–3011 (2019)
23. Takeda, H., Sakurai, Y., Takenaka, S., Miyake, H., Doi, T., Kusabayashi, S., Takagi, T.: Molecular structure and smectic properties – the substituent effect on the smectic-A phase in biphenyl
ester systems. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, 3429–3435 (1990)
24. Palmer, B.A., Edwards-Gau, G.R., Kariuki, B.M., Harris, K.D.M., Dolbnya, I.P., Collins, S.P.,
Sutter, J.P.: X-ray birefringence imaging of materials with anisotropic molecular dynamics. J.
Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 561–567 (2015)
25. Harris, K.D.M.: Meldola Lecture: understanding the properties of urea and thiourea inclusion
compounds. Chem. Soc. Rev. 26, 279–289 (1997)
26. Hollingsworth, M.D.: Crystal engineering: from structure to function. Science 295, 2410–2413
(2002)
27. Harris, K.D.M.: Fundamental and applied aspects of urea and thiourea inclusion compounds.
Supramol. Chem. 19, 47–53 (2007)
28. Smith, A.E.: The crystal structure of the urea-hydrocarbon complexes. Acta Crystallogr. 5,
224–235 (1952)
29. Harris, K.D.M., Thomas, J.M.: Structural aspects of urea inclusion compounds and their investigation by X-ray diffraction: a general discussion. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 86, 2985–2996
(1990)
30. Aliev, A.E., Smart, S.P., Shannon, I.J., Harris, K.D.M.: Structural and dynamic properties of the
1,10-dibromodecane/urea inclusion compound, investigated by variable-temperature powder
X-ray diffraction, solid-state 2 H NMR lineshape analysis and solid-state 2 H NMR spin-lattice
relaxation time measurements. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 2179–2185 (1996)
31. Yeo, L., Harris, K.D.M.: Definitive structural characterization of the conventional lowtemperature host structure in urea inclusion compounds. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 53, 822–830
(1997)
32. Guillaume, F., Smart, S.P., Harris, K.D.M., Dianoux, A.J.: Neutron scattering investigations of
guest molecular dynamics in α,ω-dibromoalkane-urea inclusion compounds. J. Phys. Condens.
Matter 6, 2169–2184 (1994)
33. Smart, S.P., El Baghdadi, A., Guillaume, F., Harris, K.D.M.: Conformational and vibrational properties of α,ω-dihalogenoalkane/urea inclusion compounds: a Raman scattering
investigation. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 90, 1313–1322 (1994)