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4601
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summertime subtropical highs. J Clim 18:5046–5065. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3599.1
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doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3653.1
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Ocean and its relation to meteorological fields during Northern winter. Atmos Res 120:336–346.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.012
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due to the recent Arctic sea-ice reduction in late autumn. J Geophys Res Atmos 120:3209–3227.
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in the Iberian Peninsula. Meteor Atmos Phys 96:103–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-0060223-6
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tropopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1146:256–290. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.14
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Meteorol Soc 134:111–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.200
Nuissier O, Joly B, Joly A et al (2011) A statistical downscaling to identify the large-scale
circulation patterns associated with heavy precipitation events over southern France. Q J Roy
Meteor Soc 137:1812–1827. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.866
Nuñez JA, Riesco J, Mora MA (2019) Climatología de descargas eléctricas y de días de tormenta en
España. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). (in press)
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org/10.3354/cr00794
Omrani NE, Keenlyside NS, Bader J, Manzini E (2014) Stratosphere key for wintertime atmospheric response to warm Atlantic decadal conditions. Clim Dyn 42:649–663. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00382-013-1860-3
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
77
Mbengue C, Schneider T (2018) Linking Hadley circulation and storm tracks in a conceptual model
of the atmospheric energy balance. J Atmos Sci 75:841–856. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-170098.1
Merino A, Fernández-Vaquero M, López L et al (2016) Large-scale patterns of daily precipitation
extremes on the Iberian Peninsula. Int J Climatol 36:3873–3891. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.
4601
Michel C, Rivière G (2011) A link between Rossby wave breakings and weather regime transitions.
J Atmos Sci 68:1730–1748. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAS3635.1
Michelangeli PA, Vautard R, Legras B (1995) Weather regimes: recurrence and quasi stationarity. J
Atmos Sci 52:1237–1256. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052%3C1237:WRRAQS%
3E2.0.CO;2
Mitchell D, Gray LJ, Anstey JA et al (2013) The influence of stratospheric vortex displacements and
splits on surface climate. J Clim 26:2668–2682. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00030.1
Miyasaka T, Nakamura H (2005) Structure and formation mechanisms of the Northern Hemisphere
summertime subtropical highs. J Clim 18:5046–5065. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3599.1
Moron V, Gouirand I (2003) Seasonal modulation of the El Niño Southern Oscillation relationship
with sea level pressure anomalies over the North Atlantic in October–March 1873–1996. Int J
Climatol 23:143–155. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.868
Mosedale TJ, Stephenson DB, Collins M et al (2006) Granger causality of coupled climate
processes: ocean feedback on the North Atlantic Oscillation. J Clim 19:1182–1194. https://
doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3653.1
Nakamae K, Shiotani M (2013) Interannual variability in Saharan dust over the North Atlantic
Ocean and its relation to meteorological fields during Northern winter. Atmos Res 120:336–346.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.012
Nakamura H (2012) Atmospheric science: future oceans under pressure. Nat Geosci 5:768–769.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1623
Nakamura T, Yamazaki K, Iwamoto K et al (2015) A negative phase shift of the winter AO/NAO
due to the recent Arctic sea-ice reduction in late autumn. J Geophys Res Atmos 120:3209–3227.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022848
Nieto R et al (2007) Analysis of the precipitation and cloudiness associated with COLs occurrence
in the Iberian Peninsula. Meteor Atmos Phys 96:103–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-0060223-6
Nieto R, Sprenger M, Wernli H et al (2008) Identification and climatology of cutoffs lows near the
tropopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1146:256–290. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.14
Nissen KM, Leckebusch GC, Pinto JG et al (2010) Cyclones causing wind storms in the Mediterranean: characteristics, trends and links to large-scale patterns. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci
10:1379–1391. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1379-2010
Nuissier O, Ducrocq V, Ricard D et al (2008) A numerical study of three catastrophic precipitating
events over southern France, I: Numerical framework and synoptic ingredients. Q J Roy
Meteorol Soc 134:111–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.200
Nuissier O, Joly B, Joly A et al (2011) A statistical downscaling to identify the large-scale
circulation patterns associated with heavy precipitation events over southern France. Q J Roy
Meteor Soc 137:1812–1827. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.866
Nuñez JA, Riesco J, Mora MA (2019) Climatología de descargas eléctricas y de días de tormenta en
España. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). (in press)
Nykjaer L (2009) Mediterranean Sea surface warming 1985–2006. Clim Res 39:11–17. https://doi.
org/10.3354/cr00794
Omrani NE, Keenlyside NS, Bader J, Manzini E (2014) Stratosphere key for wintertime atmospheric response to warm Atlantic decadal conditions. Clim Dyn 42:649–663. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00382-013-1860-3
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
77