Emanuel KA (2005) Genesis and maintenance of “Mediterranean hurricanes”. Adv Geosci
2:217–220. https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-217-2005
Enfield DB, Mestas-Nuñez AM, Trimble PJ (2001) The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its
relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental US. Geophys Res Lett 28:2077–2080.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012745
Engelstaedter S, Washington R (2007) Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African
dust. J Geophys Res 112:D17111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007195
Esbensen SK (1984) A comparison of intermonthly and interannual teleconnections in the 700 mb
geopotential height field during the Northern hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev
112:2016–2032. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2016:ACOIAI>2.0.CO;2
Evan AT, Flamant C, Gaetani M et al (2016) The past, present and future of African dust. Nature
531(7595):493–495. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17149
Feldstein SB (2003) The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay. Q J Roy
Meteorol Soc 129:901–924. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.76
Ferretti R, Low-Nam S, Rotunno R (2000) Numerical simulations of the Piedmont flood of
4–6 November 1994. Tellus 52A:162–180. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v52i2.12261
Fita L, Romero R, Ramis C (2006) Intercomparison of intense cyclogenesis events over the
Mediterranean basin based on baroclinic and diabatic influences. Adv Geosci 7:333–342.
https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-7-333-2006
Flaounas E, Raveh-Rubin S, Wernli H et al (2015) The dynamical structure of intense Mediterranean cyclones. Clim Dynam 44:2411–2427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2330-2
Flocas HA, Simmonds I, Kouroutzoglou J et al (2010) On cyclonic tracks over the Eastern
Mediterranean. J Clim 23:5243–5257. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3426.1
Folland CK, Knight J, Linderholm HW et al (2009) The summer North Atlantic Oscillation: past,
present, and future. J Clim 22:1082–1103. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2459.1
Foltz GR, McPhaden MJ (2008) Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic. SST J Clim
21.:5048-5060. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1
Francis JA, Vavrus SJ (2012) Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in
mid-latitudes. Geophys Res Lett 39:L06801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051000
Frankignoul C, Chouaib N, Liu Z (2011) Estimating the observed atmospheric response to SST
anomalies: maximum covariance analysis, generalized equilibrium feedback assessment, and
maximum response estimation. J Clim 24:2523–2539. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3696.1
Gallisai R, Peters F, Volpe G et al (2014) Saharan dust deposition may affect phytoplankton growth
in the Mediterranean Sea at ecological time scales. PLoS ONE 9(10):e110762. https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0110762
García-Serrano J, Losada T, Rodríguez-Fonseca B et al (2008) Tropical Atlantic variability modes
(1979–2002) Part II: Time-evolving atmospheric circulation related to SST-forced tropical
convection. J Clim 21:6476–6497. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2191.1
García-Serrano JB, Rodríguez-Fonseca I, Bladé P et al (2011) Rotational atmospheric circulation
during North Atlantic-European winter: the influence of ENSO. Clim Dyn 37:1727–1743.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0968-y
Gimeno L, Nieto R, Trigo RM (2007a) Decay of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar
vortex and the occurrence of cut-off low systems: an exploratory study. Meteor Atmos Phys
96:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0218-3
Gimeno L, Trigo RM, Ribera P et al (2007b) Editorial: Special issue on cut-off low systems (COL).
Meteor Atmos Phys 96:1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0216-5
Ginoux P, Prospero JM, Torres O et al (2004) Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with
the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation. Environ Modell Softw
19:113e128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00114-2
Giorgi F (2002) Variability and trends of sub-continental scale surface climate in the twentieth
century. Part I: Observations. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0204-x
Giorgi F (2006) Climate change hot-spots. Geophys Res Lett 22:L08707. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2006GL025734
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
73
2:217–220. https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-217-2005
Enfield DB, Mestas-Nuñez AM, Trimble PJ (2001) The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its
relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental US. Geophys Res Lett 28:2077–2080.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012745
Engelstaedter S, Washington R (2007) Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African
dust. J Geophys Res 112:D17111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007195
Esbensen SK (1984) A comparison of intermonthly and interannual teleconnections in the 700 mb
geopotential height field during the Northern hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev
112:2016–2032. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2016:ACOIAI>2.0.CO;2
Evan AT, Flamant C, Gaetani M et al (2016) The past, present and future of African dust. Nature
531(7595):493–495. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17149
Feldstein SB (2003) The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay. Q J Roy
Meteorol Soc 129:901–924. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.76
Ferretti R, Low-Nam S, Rotunno R (2000) Numerical simulations of the Piedmont flood of
4–6 November 1994. Tellus 52A:162–180. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v52i2.12261
Fita L, Romero R, Ramis C (2006) Intercomparison of intense cyclogenesis events over the
Mediterranean basin based on baroclinic and diabatic influences. Adv Geosci 7:333–342.
https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-7-333-2006
Flaounas E, Raveh-Rubin S, Wernli H et al (2015) The dynamical structure of intense Mediterranean cyclones. Clim Dynam 44:2411–2427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2330-2
Flocas HA, Simmonds I, Kouroutzoglou J et al (2010) On cyclonic tracks over the Eastern
Mediterranean. J Clim 23:5243–5257. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3426.1
Folland CK, Knight J, Linderholm HW et al (2009) The summer North Atlantic Oscillation: past,
present, and future. J Clim 22:1082–1103. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2459.1
Foltz GR, McPhaden MJ (2008) Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic. SST J Clim
21.:5048-5060. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1
Francis JA, Vavrus SJ (2012) Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in
mid-latitudes. Geophys Res Lett 39:L06801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051000
Frankignoul C, Chouaib N, Liu Z (2011) Estimating the observed atmospheric response to SST
anomalies: maximum covariance analysis, generalized equilibrium feedback assessment, and
maximum response estimation. J Clim 24:2523–2539. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3696.1
Gallisai R, Peters F, Volpe G et al (2014) Saharan dust deposition may affect phytoplankton growth
in the Mediterranean Sea at ecological time scales. PLoS ONE 9(10):e110762. https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0110762
García-Serrano J, Losada T, Rodríguez-Fonseca B et al (2008) Tropical Atlantic variability modes
(1979–2002) Part II: Time-evolving atmospheric circulation related to SST-forced tropical
convection. J Clim 21:6476–6497. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2191.1
García-Serrano JB, Rodríguez-Fonseca I, Bladé P et al (2011) Rotational atmospheric circulation
during North Atlantic-European winter: the influence of ENSO. Clim Dyn 37:1727–1743.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0968-y
Gimeno L, Nieto R, Trigo RM (2007a) Decay of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar
vortex and the occurrence of cut-off low systems: an exploratory study. Meteor Atmos Phys
96:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0218-3
Gimeno L, Trigo RM, Ribera P et al (2007b) Editorial: Special issue on cut-off low systems (COL).
Meteor Atmos Phys 96:1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0216-5
Ginoux P, Prospero JM, Torres O et al (2004) Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with
the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation. Environ Modell Softw
19:113e128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00114-2
Giorgi F (2002) Variability and trends of sub-continental scale surface climate in the twentieth
century. Part I: Observations. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0204-x
Giorgi F (2006) Climate change hot-spots. Geophys Res Lett 22:L08707. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2006GL025734
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
73