Calyx nicaeensis and Petrosia ficiformis (that has suffered some events of mortality,
Garrabou et al. 2009; Fig. 10.17); the gorgonians Eunicella gazella and E. labiata;
the scleractinians Phyllangia americana mouchezii (Fig. 10.17), Pourtalosmilia
anthophyllites and Dendrophyllia laboreli; the gastropods Monoplex corrugatus,
Bursa scrobilator and Tarantinaea lignaria; the bivalves Spondylus gaederopus
(that has suffered some events of mortality, see Sect. 10.7 and Fig. 10.19), Donacilla
cornea (Fig. 10.17) and Ungulina rubra; the crustaceans Pollicipes pollicipes and
Stenopus spinosus (Fig. 10.17); and the echinoderms Asterina gibbosa and
Astrospartus mediterraneus. In addition, some invertebrates of groups that have
not traditionally been included in threatened species lists should be protected, such
as the sipunculans Sipunculus nudus, the polychaete Sabellaria alveolata, the
bryozoans Pentapora fascialis and Reteporella spp., and the tunicate Halocynthia
papillosa. Most of them were included and evaluated in the Red Book of Invertebrates of Andalusia (Barea-Azcón et al. 2008). Protective measures should also be
considered for large holothurians of the genus Holothuria and for Parastichopus
regalis, which are now heavily harvested in the Mediterranean for the export to Asia
(González-Wangüemert et al. 2018).
Fig. 10.17 Four of the species here proposed to be protected. From left to right and from top to
bottom, the sponge Petrosia ficiformis with two specimens of the nudibranch gastropod Peltodoris
atromaculata (Cerro Gordo, Malaga, 8 m depth), the anthozoan Phyllangia americana mouchezii
(Calahonda, Granada, 16 m depth), the bivalve Donacilla cornea (Torregarcía, Almería, 0 m depth)
and a couple of the decapod crustacean Stenopus spinosus in a crevice together with a conger
(Conger conger) and the holothurian Holothuria arguinensis (Calahonda, Granada, 21 m depth)
[Luis Sánchez Tocino, upper left; Antonio Rodríguez-Medel, upper and bottom right; Diego
Moreno, bottom left]
10 Invertebrates: The Realm of Diversity
405
Garrabou et al. 2009; Fig. 10.17); the gorgonians Eunicella gazella and E. labiata;
the scleractinians Phyllangia americana mouchezii (Fig. 10.17), Pourtalosmilia
anthophyllites and Dendrophyllia laboreli; the gastropods Monoplex corrugatus,
Bursa scrobilator and Tarantinaea lignaria; the bivalves Spondylus gaederopus
(that has suffered some events of mortality, see Sect. 10.7 and Fig. 10.19), Donacilla
cornea (Fig. 10.17) and Ungulina rubra; the crustaceans Pollicipes pollicipes and
Stenopus spinosus (Fig. 10.17); and the echinoderms Asterina gibbosa and
Astrospartus mediterraneus. In addition, some invertebrates of groups that have
not traditionally been included in threatened species lists should be protected, such
as the sipunculans Sipunculus nudus, the polychaete Sabellaria alveolata, the
bryozoans Pentapora fascialis and Reteporella spp., and the tunicate Halocynthia
papillosa. Most of them were included and evaluated in the Red Book of Invertebrates of Andalusia (Barea-Azcón et al. 2008). Protective measures should also be
considered for large holothurians of the genus Holothuria and for Parastichopus
regalis, which are now heavily harvested in the Mediterranean for the export to Asia
(González-Wangüemert et al. 2018).
Fig. 10.17 Four of the species here proposed to be protected. From left to right and from top to
bottom, the sponge Petrosia ficiformis with two specimens of the nudibranch gastropod Peltodoris
atromaculata (Cerro Gordo, Malaga, 8 m depth), the anthozoan Phyllangia americana mouchezii
(Calahonda, Granada, 16 m depth), the bivalve Donacilla cornea (Torregarcía, Almería, 0 m depth)
and a couple of the decapod crustacean Stenopus spinosus in a crevice together with a conger
(Conger conger) and the holothurian Holothuria arguinensis (Calahonda, Granada, 21 m depth)
[Luis Sánchez Tocino, upper left; Antonio Rodríguez-Medel, upper and bottom right; Diego
Moreno, bottom left]
10 Invertebrates: The Realm of Diversity
405