analyzed in Chapter 19. Chapter 20 raises the starting and current situation of
industrial aquaculture in Morocco and Spain.
1.2.4 Conservation, Management, and Marine Policies
The last set of chapters addresses the aspects of resource management and conservation, as well as other economic, historical, and social aspects. Thus, the Alboran
Sea is a relevant hotspot for marine megafauna (i.e., large pelagic sharks, sea turtles,
seabirds, and marine mammals), which connected the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The overlap between various human activities—such as marine traffic or
fisheries on the northern and southern coasts—as well as pollution entail the capture
or mortality of marine megafauna. Chapter 21 reviews research approaches that
could provide suggestions for the effective management of large marine megafauna.
In a framework of Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response in fishery management, and considering main driver a need for social and economic development in
the region, Chap. 22 aims to analyze the socioeconomics of Alboran Sea fisheries as
one of the main pressure over fish stocks and insight on fisheries management of the
area in the context of an Ecosystem-Based Management Approach accounting for
marine environmental conditions (climate variability and global warming) that
influences the Alboran Sea ecosystem and consequently, fisheries.
Chapter 23 provided a historical review of the fishery on the Spanish sea coast
since the conquest of the area by the Spanish Catholic Kings, until the twentieth
century, and the beginning of marine research.
Chapter 24 reflects on lessons learned, gaps, and needs in marine research and
provided with main actions to advance in international collaboration in ocean
science, technology, and governance and harness its potential to meet societal
needs, address global challenges, and drive sustainable development.
Finally, Chapter 25 reviews the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), and other preserved areas and provides a deep description of the
existing habitats and species, and the tools used to the surveillance and mitigation
against impacts.
1.3 The Future We Wish: Final Remarks
In bilateral or multilateral frameworks, international cooperation in the Alboran Sea
and the Strait of Gibraltar regions aiming the scientific knowledge, conservation, and
sustainable development has been constant during the last decades in the region.
From the initial marine research activities carried out by Prince Albert I of Monaco
and his team at the end of the nineteenth century, latterly followed during the
twentieth century by the Spanish scientists from the IEO (Fig. 1.1) commanded by
Odón de Buen, the subsequent international interest by different countries in doing
6
J. C. Báez et al.
industrial aquaculture in Morocco and Spain.
1.2.4 Conservation, Management, and Marine Policies
The last set of chapters addresses the aspects of resource management and conservation, as well as other economic, historical, and social aspects. Thus, the Alboran
Sea is a relevant hotspot for marine megafauna (i.e., large pelagic sharks, sea turtles,
seabirds, and marine mammals), which connected the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The overlap between various human activities—such as marine traffic or
fisheries on the northern and southern coasts—as well as pollution entail the capture
or mortality of marine megafauna. Chapter 21 reviews research approaches that
could provide suggestions for the effective management of large marine megafauna.
In a framework of Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response in fishery management, and considering main driver a need for social and economic development in
the region, Chap. 22 aims to analyze the socioeconomics of Alboran Sea fisheries as
one of the main pressure over fish stocks and insight on fisheries management of the
area in the context of an Ecosystem-Based Management Approach accounting for
marine environmental conditions (climate variability and global warming) that
influences the Alboran Sea ecosystem and consequently, fisheries.
Chapter 23 provided a historical review of the fishery on the Spanish sea coast
since the conquest of the area by the Spanish Catholic Kings, until the twentieth
century, and the beginning of marine research.
Chapter 24 reflects on lessons learned, gaps, and needs in marine research and
provided with main actions to advance in international collaboration in ocean
science, technology, and governance and harness its potential to meet societal
needs, address global challenges, and drive sustainable development.
Finally, Chapter 25 reviews the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), and other preserved areas and provides a deep description of the
existing habitats and species, and the tools used to the surveillance and mitigation
against impacts.
1.3 The Future We Wish: Final Remarks
In bilateral or multilateral frameworks, international cooperation in the Alboran Sea
and the Strait of Gibraltar regions aiming the scientific knowledge, conservation, and
sustainable development has been constant during the last decades in the region.
From the initial marine research activities carried out by Prince Albert I of Monaco
and his team at the end of the nineteenth century, latterly followed during the
twentieth century by the Spanish scientists from the IEO (Fig. 1.1) commanded by
Odón de Buen, the subsequent international interest by different countries in doing
6
J. C. Báez et al.