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elementary steps in the reaction and is regenerated at the end of the reaction.
In electrochemistry, it is in contact with the electrode material and its action
leads to an increase in current across the electrode. It can be susceptible to
poisoning by chemical species present in reaction medium. For example,
carbon monoxide CO constitutes a poison for platinum, which is a catalyst
for the oxidation reaction of hydrogen.
Cationic Frenkel disorder (pair) – A pair of structure defects formed by thermal agitation
that only affect the cationic sublattice of a pure ionic crystal. An example is
the pair Ag
•
i and V ′
Ag in silver iodide AgI.
Cermet – A compound formed from a ceramic matrix and a metal.
Complex (cluster) – A complex is the association of two or more ionic defects of
different effective charge. The defects involved in complex formation are
often mobile species whose “trapping” diminishes the concentration and,
consequently, the ionic conductivity of the material. Complex formation is
an activated phenomenon observed at low temperature.
Complex impedance spectroscopy – An electric or electrochemical characterization
technique used notably in solid-state electrochemistry. It measures the response of an electrochemical system to an ac voltage perturbation of varying
frequency and small amplitude around a stationary operating point. It allows,
in particular, the study of electrical and dielectric properties of materials and
the separation of the various electrical and electrochemical contributions to
the behavior of complex systems.
Composite – A solid material made of several non-miscible phases. Mechanically,
it consists of a reinforcement and a matrix. The mechanical properties are
mainly due to the reinforcement whereas the matrix serves to link and protect the reinforcement with respect to the environment, the cohesion of the
composite, and the transmission of forces. The composite thus constituted
possesses properties not offered by the individual constituents. In solid-state
electrochemistry, a composite is made of a blend of electrolyte and electrode
materials. It allows for a gradual transition between the properties of the
constituents (type of conduction, dilatation coefficient).
Constant phase element (CPE) – A passive dipole that can behave as a pure resistance, capacitance, or inductance, or any intermediate combination. A CPE is
used to model the electric properties of ionic materials that exhibit a strong
dispersion in relaxation times, which does not allow them to be modeled as
pure elements.
Coordination number – The number of nearest neighbors of an atom in a solid.
Coulometric sensor – Electrochemical device for measuring the concentration of
a chemical species by measuring the current.
Solid-State Electrochemistry
elementary steps in the reaction and is regenerated at the end of the reaction.
In electrochemistry, it is in contact with the electrode material and its action
leads to an increase in current across the electrode. It can be susceptible to
poisoning by chemical species present in reaction medium. For example,
carbon monoxide CO constitutes a poison for platinum, which is a catalyst
for the oxidation reaction of hydrogen.
Cationic Frenkel disorder (pair) – A pair of structure defects formed by thermal agitation
that only affect the cationic sublattice of a pure ionic crystal. An example is
the pair Ag
•
i and V ′
Ag in silver iodide AgI.
Cermet – A compound formed from a ceramic matrix and a metal.
Complex (cluster) – A complex is the association of two or more ionic defects of
different effective charge. The defects involved in complex formation are
often mobile species whose “trapping” diminishes the concentration and,
consequently, the ionic conductivity of the material. Complex formation is
an activated phenomenon observed at low temperature.
Complex impedance spectroscopy – An electric or electrochemical characterization
technique used notably in solid-state electrochemistry. It measures the response of an electrochemical system to an ac voltage perturbation of varying
frequency and small amplitude around a stationary operating point. It allows,
in particular, the study of electrical and dielectric properties of materials and
the separation of the various electrical and electrochemical contributions to
the behavior of complex systems.
Composite – A solid material made of several non-miscible phases. Mechanically,
it consists of a reinforcement and a matrix. The mechanical properties are
mainly due to the reinforcement whereas the matrix serves to link and protect the reinforcement with respect to the environment, the cohesion of the
composite, and the transmission of forces. The composite thus constituted
possesses properties not offered by the individual constituents. In solid-state
electrochemistry, a composite is made of a blend of electrolyte and electrode
materials. It allows for a gradual transition between the properties of the
constituents (type of conduction, dilatation coefficient).
Constant phase element (CPE) – A passive dipole that can behave as a pure resistance, capacitance, or inductance, or any intermediate combination. A CPE is
used to model the electric properties of ionic materials that exhibit a strong
dispersion in relaxation times, which does not allow them to be modeled as
pure elements.
Coordination number – The number of nearest neighbors of an atom in a solid.
Coulometric sensor – Electrochemical device for measuring the concentration of
a chemical species by measuring the current.
Solid-State Electrochemistry