Hanson HC (1953) vegetation types in northwestern Alaska and comparisons with communities in
other Arctic regions. Ecology 34(1):111–140
Happold D, Lock JM (2013) The biotic zones of Africa. In: Kingdon J, Happold DCD,
Hoffmann M, Happold M, Kalina J (eds) Mammals of Africa, vol I. Bloomsbury, London, pp
57–74
Heil GW, Aert R (1993) Heathlands, patterns and processes in a changing environment. Geobotany
20:1–22
Hobohm C (ed) (2014) Endemism in vascular plants. Plant Veg 9:1–348
Holland PG (1969) Weight dynamics of eucalyptus in the mallee vegetation of southeast Australia.
Ecology 50(2):212–219
Huber O, de Stefano RD, Aymard G, Riina R (2006) Flora and vegetation of Venezuelan Llanos:
review. In: Pennington RT (ed) Neotropical savannas and seasonally dry forest. The Systematics
Association, pp 95–120
IUCN (2019) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org.
Downloaded on 28.01.2019
Jaksic FM, Fuentes ER (1980) Why are native Herbs in the Chilean Matorral more abundant
beneath bushes. Microclimate or Grazing? J Ecol 68:665–669
Janssen JAM, Rodwell JS, García Criado M, Gubbay S, Haynes T, Nieto A, Sanders N, Landucci F,
Loidi J, Ssymank A, Tahvanainen T, Valderrabano M, Acosta A, Aronsson M, Arts G,
Attorre F, Bergmeier E, Bijlsma RJ, Bioret F, Biţă-Nicolae C, Biurrun I, Calix M, Capelo J,
Čarni A, Chytrý M, Dengler J, Dimopoulos P, Essl F, Gardfjell H, Gigante D, Giusso del
Galdo G, Hájek M, Jansen F, Jansen J, Kapfer J, Mickolajczak A, Molina JA, Molnár Z,
Paternoster D, Piernik A, Poulin B, Renaux B, Schaminée JHJ, Šumberová K, Toivonen H,
Tonteri T, Siripidis I, Tzonev R, Valachovi M (2016) European red list of habitats, part
2, Terrestrial and freshwater habitats. European Union
Joffre R, Rambal S, Ratte JP (1999) The dehesa system of southern Spain and Portugal as a natural
ecosystem mimic. Agrofor Syst 45:57–79
Keith DA, Lindenmayer D, Lowe DA, Russell-Smith J, Barrett S, Enright NJ, Fox BJ, Guerin G,
Paton DC, Tozer MG, Yates CJ (2014) Heathland. In: Burns E et al (eds) Biodiversity and
environmental change monitoring, challenges and direction. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood,
VIC, pp 216–285
Khan TI (1997) Conservation of biodiversity in western India. Environmentalist 17:283–287
Klink CA, Machado RB (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conserv Biol 19
(3):707–713
Kruger FJ (1979) South African heathland. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world
9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 19–55
Lambdon PW, Ellick S (2016) Trochetiopsis ebenus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2016.
e.T37855A67371855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.
T37855A67371855.en. Downloaded on 28 Jan 2019
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2010) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming
land scarcity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(9):3465–3472
Maher KA, Hobbs RJ, Yates CJ (2010) Woody shrubs and herbivory influence tree encroachment
in the sandplain heathlands of southwestern Australia. J Appl Ecol 47:441–450
Mancebo GJ, Sim-Sim M, Gabriel R, Hodgetts N, Martins A (2019) Orthotrichum handiense. The
IUCN red list of threatened species 2019: e.T87539260A87715258. doi:https://doi.org/10.2305/
IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T87539260A87715258.en. Downloaded on 06 Aug 2019
Marchant R (2010) Understanding complexity in savannas. Climate, biodiversity and people. Curr
Opin Environ Sustain 2:101–108
McArthur ED, Kitchen SG (2007) Shrubland ecosystems. Importance, distinguishing characteristics, and dynamics. USDA Forest Service RMRS-P-47, pp 3–10
Mckinney ML (2002) Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. Bioscience 52(10):883–890
Medina E, Silva JF (1990) The savannas of northern South America: a steady state regulated by
water-fire interactions on a background of low nutrient availability. J Biogeogr 17:1–11
378
N. El Balti
other Arctic regions. Ecology 34(1):111–140
Happold D, Lock JM (2013) The biotic zones of Africa. In: Kingdon J, Happold DCD,
Hoffmann M, Happold M, Kalina J (eds) Mammals of Africa, vol I. Bloomsbury, London, pp
57–74
Heil GW, Aert R (1993) Heathlands, patterns and processes in a changing environment. Geobotany
20:1–22
Hobohm C (ed) (2014) Endemism in vascular plants. Plant Veg 9:1–348
Holland PG (1969) Weight dynamics of eucalyptus in the mallee vegetation of southeast Australia.
Ecology 50(2):212–219
Huber O, de Stefano RD, Aymard G, Riina R (2006) Flora and vegetation of Venezuelan Llanos:
review. In: Pennington RT (ed) Neotropical savannas and seasonally dry forest. The Systematics
Association, pp 95–120
IUCN (2019) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org.
Downloaded on 28.01.2019
Jaksic FM, Fuentes ER (1980) Why are native Herbs in the Chilean Matorral more abundant
beneath bushes. Microclimate or Grazing? J Ecol 68:665–669
Janssen JAM, Rodwell JS, García Criado M, Gubbay S, Haynes T, Nieto A, Sanders N, Landucci F,
Loidi J, Ssymank A, Tahvanainen T, Valderrabano M, Acosta A, Aronsson M, Arts G,
Attorre F, Bergmeier E, Bijlsma RJ, Bioret F, Biţă-Nicolae C, Biurrun I, Calix M, Capelo J,
Čarni A, Chytrý M, Dengler J, Dimopoulos P, Essl F, Gardfjell H, Gigante D, Giusso del
Galdo G, Hájek M, Jansen F, Jansen J, Kapfer J, Mickolajczak A, Molina JA, Molnár Z,
Paternoster D, Piernik A, Poulin B, Renaux B, Schaminée JHJ, Šumberová K, Toivonen H,
Tonteri T, Siripidis I, Tzonev R, Valachovi M (2016) European red list of habitats, part
2, Terrestrial and freshwater habitats. European Union
Joffre R, Rambal S, Ratte JP (1999) The dehesa system of southern Spain and Portugal as a natural
ecosystem mimic. Agrofor Syst 45:57–79
Keith DA, Lindenmayer D, Lowe DA, Russell-Smith J, Barrett S, Enright NJ, Fox BJ, Guerin G,
Paton DC, Tozer MG, Yates CJ (2014) Heathland. In: Burns E et al (eds) Biodiversity and
environmental change monitoring, challenges and direction. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood,
VIC, pp 216–285
Khan TI (1997) Conservation of biodiversity in western India. Environmentalist 17:283–287
Klink CA, Machado RB (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conserv Biol 19
(3):707–713
Kruger FJ (1979) South African heathland. In: Specht RL (ed) Ecosystems of the world
9 A. Heathland and related shrublands. Descriptive studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 19–55
Lambdon PW, Ellick S (2016) Trochetiopsis ebenus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2016.
e.T37855A67371855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.
T37855A67371855.en. Downloaded on 28 Jan 2019
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2010) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming
land scarcity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(9):3465–3472
Maher KA, Hobbs RJ, Yates CJ (2010) Woody shrubs and herbivory influence tree encroachment
in the sandplain heathlands of southwestern Australia. J Appl Ecol 47:441–450
Mancebo GJ, Sim-Sim M, Gabriel R, Hodgetts N, Martins A (2019) Orthotrichum handiense. The
IUCN red list of threatened species 2019: e.T87539260A87715258. doi:https://doi.org/10.2305/
IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T87539260A87715258.en. Downloaded on 06 Aug 2019
Marchant R (2010) Understanding complexity in savannas. Climate, biodiversity and people. Curr
Opin Environ Sustain 2:101–108
McArthur ED, Kitchen SG (2007) Shrubland ecosystems. Importance, distinguishing characteristics, and dynamics. USDA Forest Service RMRS-P-47, pp 3–10
Mckinney ML (2002) Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. Bioscience 52(10):883–890
Medina E, Silva JF (1990) The savannas of northern South America: a steady state regulated by
water-fire interactions on a background of low nutrient availability. J Biogeogr 17:1–11
378
N. El Balti