Table 3 gives an overview of numbers of globally threatened species which live in
or depend on intertidal, supratidal and inland saline habitats. According to the IUCN
Red List (2019) most critically endangered (CR) or threatened (CR, EN, plus VU)
Table 3 Numbers of threatened species (IUCN 2019) of intertidal, coastal supratidal and inland
saline habitats with respect to habitats (categories 1.7, 5.14–5.17, 12, 13), geography, taxonomy and
threats (threat categories: CR ¼ critically endangered, EN ¼ endangered, VU ¼ vulnerable, habitats
1.7, 12, 13). Note that several species can live in more than one region and may be threatened by a
combination of different factors. Thus, not all numbers are additive
CR
CR, EN,
VU
Number of threatened species
191 1043
Intertidal rocks, sands, mud flats, tidepools and seagrass beds, coastal
saltmarshes and halophytic shrubland
41
269
Mangroves (intertidal and above high tide level)
45
276
Marine coastal/supratidal lagoons, cliffs, dunes, and dune slacks
111
567
Inland saline, brackish or alkaline wetlands
22
113
North America incl. Greenland and excl. Hawaiian Islands
4
56
Mesoamerica and Carribean Islands
41
210
South America
11
132
Europe
43
183
Africa
43
292
North, West and Central Asia
11
109
East, South and Southeast Asia
32
230
Antarctic
1
16
Tracheophyta (vascular plants)
73
307
Bryophytes
0
0
Rhodophyta (red algae)
1
2
Actinopterygii and Chondrichthyes (fish species)
18
176
Aves (birds)
25
213
Reptilia (reptiles)
24
116
Amphibia (amphibians)
2
6
Mammalia (mammals)
8
121
Mollusca (mollusks)
7
27
Threatened by residential and commercial development
80
511
Threatened by agriculture and aquaculture
60
419
Threatened by energy production and mining
23
152
Threatened by transportation and service corridors
23
133
Threatened by biological resource use
76
519
Threatened by human intrusions and disturbance
33
221
Threatened by system modifications
40
260
Threatened by invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases
88
403
Threatened by pollution
35
285
Threatened by geological events
9
41
Threatened by climate change and severe weather
55
320
Coastal Habitats, Shallow Seas and Inland Saline Steppes: Ecology,. . .
295
or depend on intertidal, supratidal and inland saline habitats. According to the IUCN
Red List (2019) most critically endangered (CR) or threatened (CR, EN, plus VU)
Table 3 Numbers of threatened species (IUCN 2019) of intertidal, coastal supratidal and inland
saline habitats with respect to habitats (categories 1.7, 5.14–5.17, 12, 13), geography, taxonomy and
threats (threat categories: CR ¼ critically endangered, EN ¼ endangered, VU ¼ vulnerable, habitats
1.7, 12, 13). Note that several species can live in more than one region and may be threatened by a
combination of different factors. Thus, not all numbers are additive
CR
CR, EN,
VU
Number of threatened species
191 1043
Intertidal rocks, sands, mud flats, tidepools and seagrass beds, coastal
saltmarshes and halophytic shrubland
41
269
Mangroves (intertidal and above high tide level)
45
276
Marine coastal/supratidal lagoons, cliffs, dunes, and dune slacks
111
567
Inland saline, brackish or alkaline wetlands
22
113
North America incl. Greenland and excl. Hawaiian Islands
4
56
Mesoamerica and Carribean Islands
41
210
South America
11
132
Europe
43
183
Africa
43
292
North, West and Central Asia
11
109
East, South and Southeast Asia
32
230
Antarctic
1
16
Tracheophyta (vascular plants)
73
307
Bryophytes
0
0
Rhodophyta (red algae)
1
2
Actinopterygii and Chondrichthyes (fish species)
18
176
Aves (birds)
25
213
Reptilia (reptiles)
24
116
Amphibia (amphibians)
2
6
Mammalia (mammals)
8
121
Mollusca (mollusks)
7
27
Threatened by residential and commercial development
80
511
Threatened by agriculture and aquaculture
60
419
Threatened by energy production and mining
23
152
Threatened by transportation and service corridors
23
133
Threatened by biological resource use
76
519
Threatened by human intrusions and disturbance
33
221
Threatened by system modifications
40
260
Threatened by invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases
88
403
Threatened by pollution
35
285
Threatened by geological events
9
41
Threatened by climate change and severe weather
55
320
Coastal Habitats, Shallow Seas and Inland Saline Steppes: Ecology,. . .
295