A Contemporary Review on Knee Injuries and Protective Pads
495
Fig. 2 Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Source LNMIA 10358, p. 376
Types of chronic knee injuries are categorized as given below [7]:
1. Patellar Tendinitis is the inflammation of patellar tendon (ligament tear).
2. Patello Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is caused by degeneration or stress
between the kneecap (patella) and articular cartilage.
3. Osteoarthritis (OA) occurs due to cartilage wear between joints.
4. Prepatellar Bursitis is the Inflammation to the bursa in front of the kneecap may
cause anterior knee pain. It causes friction and also increases pressure on the
bursa.
5. Tibial Plateau Fractures are bone tear.
6. Knee bone is dislocated from its original position known as Knee dislocation.
The knee injuries are identified using radiography imaging techniques like MRI,
CT, X-ray. The knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most commonly occurring knee
injury between 22 and 65 years of age. It occurs due to the obese, elderly, and those
with a sedentary lifestyle. The OA is classified using Kellgren and Lawrence (KL)
grades. Grade-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 represents normal, doubtful, minimal, moderate, and
severe OA, respectively. Figure 2 shows the KL grading system [8].
The aim of orthopaedic devices is to reduce pain while loading and unloading
of the knee. Orthopaedics suggest sleeves, braces, and implants depending on the
osteoarthritis grading [9].
1.1 Capturing Patient Geometry
The different knee poses are analyzed using anthropometry and then the 3D scans
of knee shape are collected. The SCAPE model of leg is prepared and the data is
495
Fig. 2 Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Source LNMIA 10358, p. 376
Types of chronic knee injuries are categorized as given below [7]:
1. Patellar Tendinitis is the inflammation of patellar tendon (ligament tear).
2. Patello Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is caused by degeneration or stress
between the kneecap (patella) and articular cartilage.
3. Osteoarthritis (OA) occurs due to cartilage wear between joints.
4. Prepatellar Bursitis is the Inflammation to the bursa in front of the kneecap may
cause anterior knee pain. It causes friction and also increases pressure on the
bursa.
5. Tibial Plateau Fractures are bone tear.
6. Knee bone is dislocated from its original position known as Knee dislocation.
The knee injuries are identified using radiography imaging techniques like MRI,
CT, X-ray. The knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most commonly occurring knee
injury between 22 and 65 years of age. It occurs due to the obese, elderly, and those
with a sedentary lifestyle. The OA is classified using Kellgren and Lawrence (KL)
grades. Grade-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 represents normal, doubtful, minimal, moderate, and
severe OA, respectively. Figure 2 shows the KL grading system [8].
The aim of orthopaedic devices is to reduce pain while loading and unloading
of the knee. Orthopaedics suggest sleeves, braces, and implants depending on the
osteoarthritis grading [9].
1.1 Capturing Patient Geometry
The different knee poses are analyzed using anthropometry and then the 3D scans
of knee shape are collected. The SCAPE model of leg is prepared and the data is